Biology Test: Unit 7 (Cells)

Question 1

What is endocytosis?

Answer 1

The process by which a cell takes material into it’s self by the enfolding of the cell membrane

Question 2

What is exocytosis?

Answer 2

The process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

Question 3

What is diffusion?

Answer 3

The process by which molecules tend to move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 4

What is facilitated diffusion? Does it require energy?

Answer 4

The movement of specific molecules across membranes through protein channels (does not require energy)

Question 5

What is osmosis? Does it require energy?

Answer 5

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (does not require energy)

Question 6

What is active transport? Does it require energy?

Answer 6

The process of moving material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference (requires energy)

Question 7

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 7

When the concentration of two solutions is the same

Question 8

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 8

When comparing two solutions of different concentrations, the solution with a higher concentration of solutes

Question 9

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 9

When comparing two solutions of different concentrations, the solution with a lower concentration of solutes

Question 10

What is cell theory?

Answer 10

The idea that

1. All living things are composed of cells (Theodor Schwann)
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. New cells are produced from existing cells (Rudolph Virchow)

Question 11

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 11

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

Question 12

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 12

An organism whose cells contain nuclei

Question 13

What is an organelle?

Answer 13

A specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell. “Little organs.”

Question 14

What is chromatin?

Answer 14

Granular material visible within the nucleus; consist of DNA bound to proteins

Question 15

What are chromosomes?

Answer 15

Threadlike structures within the nucleus that contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next

Question 16

What is a nucleolus?

Answer 16

A small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins

Question 17

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 17

A layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

Question 18

What is a microtubule?

Answer 18

Hollow tubes of protein cell shape and organelle movement (in cytoskeleton)

Question 19

What is a microfilament?

Answer 19

Long thin fibers for movement and support (in cytoskeleton)

Question 20

What is concentration?

Answer 20

The mass of solute in a given volume of solution; mass per volume

Question 21

What is selective permeability?

Answer 21

Allows CERTAIN molecules to pass through it by diffusion

Question 22

What are ribosomes?

Answer 22

A small particle in a cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein

Question 23

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 23

Smooth / Rough ER; an internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled

Question 24

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 24

The jelly-like materials that the organelles float in

Question 25

What are vacuoles?

Answer 25

A cell organelle that stores materials

Question 26

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 26

A thin barrier around a cell that regulates what goes in and out of the cell

Question 27

What is the cell wall?

Answer 27

A strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants algae, and some bacteria

Question 28

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 28

A cell organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use (“power house” of cell)

Question 29

What are the chloroplasts?

Answer 29

Organelles found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Question 30

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 30

A network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain shape and is involved in forms of cell movement

Question 31

What is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 31

A stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 32

What are lysosomes?

Answer 32

A cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

Question 33

What is a nucleus?

Answer 33

A structure that contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell’s activities

Question 34

What is the order of the levels of organization?

Answer 34

Individual cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems