Chapter 12 pt. 1

Question 1

Biological criminology began with ____________, who tried to link criminal behavior to facial features.

Answer 1

physiognomists

Question 2

Franz Gall was one of the earliest Western scholars in the field of human _______ and _________.

Answer 2

anatomy

physiology

Question 3

_____ _____ was one of the earliest Western scholars in the field of human anatomy and physiology.

Answer 3

Franz Gall

Question 4

Franz Gall was a phrenologist who looked at _____ structure

Answer 4

skull

Question 5

_____ _____ was a phrenologist who looked at skull structure

Answer 5

Franz Gall

Question 6

Franz Gall identified ___ centers in the brain with __ main categories.

Answer 6

36

3

Question 7

_____ _____ identified 36 centers in the brain with 3 main categories.

Answer 7

Franz Gall

Question 8

What are the three main categories of the human mind, according to Franz Gall?

Answer 8

(1) love of humanity/world/loved ones
(2) intellectual and rational parts
(3) animalistic

Question 9

According to Ernest Hooton (1939), criminals were biologically _______ to “normals”.

Answer 9

inferior

Question 10

According to Ernest Hooton (1939), criminals were biologically inferior to “_______”.

Answer 10

normals

Question 11

According to _______ _______ (1939), criminals were biologically inferior to “normals”.

Answer 11

Ernest Hooton

Question 12

Evolution of Hooton’s work by Montague/Merton argued that criminals showed signs of ________ ___________.

Answer 12

advanced homosapiens

Question 13

Who established the basic idea that one’s biological structure determines our behavior?

Answer 13

body-type theorists, who believed that there is a criminal link due to the casual connection between particular body types and a particular temperament

Question 14

What is the difference between the endomorphic and ectomorphic body types?

Answer 14

(1) endomorphic- soft round physique

(2) ectomorphic- lean, fragile, small, guided by nervous system

Question 15

_________ theories can be a “self-fulfilling prophecy”.

Answer 15

Biological

Question 16

Biological theories can be a “____-________ ________”.

Answer 16

self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 17

According to Sheldon and Gleuck’s study, the __________ body-type has less crime.

Answer 17

mesomorphic

Question 18

What is the mesomorphic body-type?

Answer 18

a person with a compact and muscular body type

Question 19

Both ________ and ________ are basic neurotransmitters of electrical impulses within the brain that are associated with information processing and antisocial behavior

Answer 19

dopamine

serotonin

Question 20

What does dopamine trigger?

Answer 20

(1) sensation seeking behavior
(2) avoidance of something unpleasant
(3) the ability to experience pleasure and pain

Question 21

Serotonin is found in ________ _______ and ________.

Answer 21

impulsive behaviors

aggression

Question 22

_________ is found in impulsive behaviors and aggression.

Answer 22

Serotonin