Chapter 18: Crime Typologies Part 1

Question 1

_________- a classification system/scheme that attempts to simplify information by identifying homogenous (similar) groups of cases/attributes and combining them to make a smaller number of categories

Answer 1

Typology

Question 2

The goal of a ________ is to come up with simpler classification that is based on the principles of homogeneity within categories and heterogeneity across categories.

Answer 2

typology

Question 3

The goal of a typology is to come up with simpler classification that is based on the principles of ___________ within categories and ____________ across categories

Answer 3

homogeneity

heterogeneity

Question 4

hat are the different type of typologies?

Answer 4

(1) Legal-Based Typologies
(2) Offender-Based Typologies
(3) Multi-Trait Typologies

Question 5

What is the most common type of typology?

Answer 5

legal-based typologies

Question 6

What is the legal-based typology based on?

Answer 6

misdemeanor vs felony

Question 7

What are the limitations of the legal-based typology?

Answer 7

(1) something as diverse as murder and auto theft are considered the same type of offense (felony)

(2) jurisdictional differences in the legal status of offenses
(i. e. marijuana is a felony in one place and a misdemeanor in another)

Question 8

What are the three legal types of offense categories of legal-based typologies?

Answer 8

(1) Crimes against the person
(2) Crimes against property
(3) Crimes against public order

Question 9

What are “crimes against the person”?

Answer 9

murder
sexual assault
robbery
battery

Question 10

What are crimes against property?

Answer 10

burglary
larceny
forgery
embezzlement
auto theft

Question 11

What are crimes against public order?

Answer 11

disturbing the peace
trespassing
drunkenness
drug use
prostitution

Question 12

How does the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) classify crime?

Answer 12

-Index Crimes (Part I Offenses) –Non-Index Crimes (Part II Offenses)

Question 13

What are the types of offenses under UCR?

Answer 13

(1) Murder and Non-Negligent Manslaughter
(2) Forcible Rape
(3) Robbery
(4) Aggravated Assault
(5) Burglary
(6) Larceny/Theft
(7) Motor-Vehicle Theft
(8) Arson

Question 14

Which type of offense is this (under UCR):

causing the death of another person without legal justification or excuse

Answer 14

Murder and Non-Negligent Manslaughter

Question 15

Which type of offense is this (under UCR):

sexual intercourse or attempted sexual intercourse with a female against her will, by force or threat of force

Answer 15

Forcible Rape

Question 16

Which type of offense is this (under UCR):
unlawful taking or attempted taking of property that is in the immediate possession of another, by force or threat of force

Answer 16

Robbery

Question 17

Which type of offense is this (under UCR):
unlawful and intentional causing of serious bodily injury with or without a deadly weapon, or unlawful intentional attempting or threatening of serious injury or death with a deadly weapon

Answer 17

Aggravated Assault

Question 18

Which type of offense is this (under UCR):
unlawful entry of any fixed structure, vehicle, or vessel used for regular residence, industry, or business, with or without force, with the intent to commit a felony or larceny

Answer 18

Burglary

Question 19

Which type of offense is this (under UCR):
unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away by stealth of property, other than a motor vehicle, from the possession of another

Answer 19

Larceny/Theft

Question 20

Which type of offense is this (under UCR):
unlawful taking, or attempted taking, of a self-propelled road vehicle owned by another, with the intent to deprive the owner of it permanently or temporarily

Answer 20

Motor-Vehicle Theft

Question 21

Which type of offense is this (under UCR):

willful or malicious burning or attempted burning of property

Answer 21

Arson

Question 22

What are some examples of motor-vehicle theft?

Answer 22

• automobiles
• trucks and buses
• other vehicles

Question 23

What are the locations of robbery?

Answer 23

• highway
• commercial house
• gas or service station
• convenience store
• residence
• bank
• miscellaneous

Question 24

What are the distinctions of burglary based on?

Answer 24

(1) type of structure

(2) time of day

Question 25

What are examples of larceny/theft?

Answer 25

• pocket picking
• purse snatching
• shoplifting
• theft from motor vehicles
• theft of motor vehicle parts and accessories
• theft of bicycles
• theft from buildings
• theft from coin-operated devices or machines

Question 26

What are some examples of arson?

Answer 26

• the burning of one’s own property
• burning the property of others
• burning pubic property

Question 27

How does the FBI categorize (UCR) index crimes?

Answer 27

violent offenses and property offenses

Question 28

What are violent offenses?

Answer 28

murder
rape
robbery
aggravated assaults

Question 29

What are property offenses?

Answer 29

burglary
larceny
motor-vehicle theft
arson

Question 30

The Offender-Based Typology was created as a result of whose research?

Answer 30

(1) Cesare Lombroso’s three type of criminals
(2) Terrie Moffitt’s persisters and deserters
(3) William Sheldon’s body-type classification

Question 31

What are Lombroso’s three types of criminals?

Answer 31

(1) born criminal
(2) insane criminal
(3) criminaloids

Question 32

What are “criminals by passion”?

Answer 32

murders who kill those who dishonored their families or have been unfaithful to them

Question 33

What are “occasional criminals”?

Answer 33

opportunists with little previous involvement in crime or commitment to it as a lifestyle