Unit 4: Cell Building Block of Life

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

Movement of molecules from a greater concentrate to a lower one.

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

Movement of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from lower to higher.

Question 3

Exocytosis

Answer 3

Process when all contents of a cell vacuole release into the exterior.

Question 4

Pinocytosis

Answer 4

The ingestion of LIQUID into a cell.

Question 5

Phagocytosis

Answer 5

The ingestion of BACTERIA or other material.

Question 6

Plasma Membrane

Answer 6

A membrane of LIPIDS and PROTEINS that form the external boundary of the cytoplasm.

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Dense organelle in eukaryotic cells containing the genetic material

Question 8

Chromosomes

Answer 8

A threadlike structure of nucleic ACIDS and PROTEIN found in the nucleus.

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

The material within a living cell, including the nucleus

Question 10

Endoplasmjc Reticulum

Answer 10

A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

The site for protein synthesis within RNA cytoplasmic granules

Question 12

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 12

A complex of vesicles AND folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells.

Involved in secretion AND intracellular transport.

Question 13

Lysosomes

Answer 13

An organelle in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.

Question 14

Vacuoles

Answer 14

A space (or vesicle) within the cytoplasm, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

An organelle found in large numbers where the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.

Question 16

Chloroplasts

Answer 16

(In a green plant cell) a plastid that contains chlorophyll AND where photosynthesis takes place.

Question 17

Chlorophyll

Answer 17

A green pigment, in all green plants, responsible for the absorption of light for photosynthesis.

Question 18

Cilia

Answer 18

Short, miscroscopic, hairlike vibrating structure.

Question 19

Flagella

Answer 19

A slender, threadlike structure, a whiplike appendage that ENABLES many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa to swim

Question 20

Cell Walls

Answer 20

Rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane.

Question 21

Mitosis

Answer 21

A type of cell DIVISION that results in two daughter cells, each having the same number and same kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

Typical for tissue growth

Question 22

Cytokinesis

Answer 22

The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the END OF mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells

Question 23

Cell Cycle

Answer 23

PROPHASE- 1st stage, when the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and nuclear envelope disappears.
METAPHASE- 2nd stage, when chromosomes become attached to spindle fibers.
ANAPHASE- 3rd stage, when chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the Spindle.
TELOPHASE- 4th stage, when chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell to create TWO nuclei

Question 24

Fluid Mosiac Model

Answer 24

Model made by Singer and Nicolson, describes the structure of cell membranes

Question 25

What is the difference between Active and Passive Transport?

Answer 25

Active Transport is assisted by enzymes and requires energy.
Passive Transport can move substances without help or energy.

Question 26

Basic Principles of Cell Theory (3)

Answer 26

M. Schleiden
T. Schwann
R. Virchow

• Cells are the basic unit of life.
• All organisms are composed of cells.
• all cells arise from preexisting cells.

Question 27

How do cells move? (2)

Answer 27

Flagella

Cilia

Question 28

Why are cells small?

Answer 28

They need to be able to get the nutrients in and the waste out quickly.