Unit 5: Biochemistry and The Energy of Life

Question 1

Define Catalyst:

Answer 1

A substrate that speeds up a chemical reaction without changing itself.

Question 2

Define Enzyme:

Answer 2

A biological catalyst, usually a protein, speeding up certain biological reactions.

Question 3

Substrate (Reactant):

Answer 3

A molecule entering in an enzyme influenced reaction.

Question 4

Define Enzyme Specificity:

Answer 4

This means that an enzyme is specific for one particular reaction.

Question 5

Define Enzyme Active Site:

Answer 5

Due to a unique combo of amino acids, a gets a particular shape.

Question 6

Exergonic:

Answer 6

Those that overall release energy.

Question 7

Endergonic:

Answer 7

Those which overall require an input of energy.

Question 8

Define ATP:

Answer 8

It is a high-energy molecule found in every cell made to store and supply the cell with needed energy.

Question 9

Define Chloroplast and know its Parts:

Answer 9

Chloroplast: The place in a plant cell where photosynthesis happens.

Thylakoids: Traps light energy in disks containing Chlorophyll.

Stroma: internal fluid area of chloroplasts.

Chlorophyll: The green pigment found in the chloroplasts of higher plants and in cells.

Question 10

What are the components of Photosynthesis:

Answer 10

Water: A reactant or substance.

Carbon Dioxide: A reactant or substance.

Sugar: An end product.

Hydrogen: From water molecules.

Light Energy: Provides energy for photosynthesis:

Chlorophyll: A light trapping molecule.

NADP+: Carries Hydrogen to add to sugar.

Question 11

Define Aerobic:

Answer 11

Requires oxygen to occur.

Question 12

Define Anaerobic:

Answer 12

No oxygen needed to occur.

Question 13

Define Fermentation:

Answer 13

An anaerobic cellular process in which organic foods are converted into simpler compounds, and ATP is produced.

Question 14

What effect do enzymes have on activation energy?

Answer 14

Low with a catalyst, high without a catalyst.

Question 15

Is the formation of ATP endergonic or exergonic?

Answer 15

Endergonic.

Question 16

Is the breakdown of ATP endergonic or exergonic

Answer 16

Exergonic.

Question 17

Is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic?

Answer 17

Endergonic.

Question 18

Where do light reactions occur during photosynthesis?

Answer 18

In the thylakoids, light energy sports water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Question 19

When does fermentation have been instead of glycolysis?

Answer 19

It occurs when no oxygen allows glycolysis to keep operating.

Question 20

What are two kinds of fermentation?

Answer 20

Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.

Question 21

What is directly broken down in the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis?

Answer 21

Solar energy which is then changed into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP.

Question 22

How is energy stored after breaking down glucose in cell respiration?

Answer 22

In the ATP’s

Question 23

In what stage does the cell breakdown glucose?

Answer 23

Glycolysis

Question 24

What are the substrates for photosynthesis?

Answer 24

Its a multi-step process that requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.