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11 Biology (diversity) > cell organelles > Flashcards

cell organelles Flashcards

1
Q

what organelles are present in only animal cells?

A

centrosome
cilia
flagella

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2
Q

what organelles are present in only plant cells?

A

cell wall
central vacuole
plastids (chloroplasts)

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3
Q

cell membrane appearance

A

fluid-mosaic membrane

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4
Q

cell membrane function

A

separates the cell interior from the outside world and controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell

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5
Q

cytoplasm appearance

A

a gel like material consisting mostly of water and contains dissolved materials

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6
Q

cytoplasm function

A

creates the chemical environment in which other cell structures work

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7
Q

nucleus appearance

A

surrounded by a double membrane

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8
Q

nucleus function

A

the command centre of the cell that contains the DNA blueprints for making proteins

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9
Q

nuclear membrane appearance

A

double membrane surrounding the nucleus

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10
Q

nuclear membrane function

A

protects the DNA from potential damage

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11
Q

nuclear pores appearance

A

pores in the nuclear membrane

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12
Q

nuclear pores function

A

large enough to allow micromolecules to enter and ribosomes to leave the nucleus

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13
Q

nucleolus appearance

A

a specialized area inside the nucleus

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14
Q

nucleolus function

A

responsible for producing ribosomes

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15
Q

ribosome appearance

A

tiny two-part structures found throughout the cytoplasm

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16
Q

ribosome function

A

helps put together proteins

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17
Q

endoplasmic reticulum appearance

A

a system of flattened membrane-bound sacs and tubes continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope that has the 2 types of membrane:
rough ER: studded with ribosomes
smooth ER: no ribosomes

18
Q

endoplasmic reticulum function

A

rough ER: synthesizes protein

smooth ER: synthesizes phospholipids and packages macromolecules in vesicles for transport to other parts of the cell

19
Q

mitochondrion appearance

A

powerhouse of the cell

20
Q

mitochondrion function

A

the powerhouse of the cell where organic molecules, usually carbohydrates, are broken down inside a double membrane to release energy and transfer it to ATP

21
Q

golgi apparatus (golgi body) appearance

A

a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs

22
Q

golgi apparatus (golgi body) function

A

receive vesicles from the ER, contain enzymes for modifying proteins and lipids, package finished products into vesicles for transport to the cell membrane (for excretion through exocytosis) and within the cell as lysosomes

23
Q

lysosome appareance

A

a membrane-bound vesicle filled with digestive enzymes

24
Q

lysosome function

A

can break down worn-out cell components or materials brought into the cell through endocytosis

25
Q

peroxisome appearance

A

a membrane-bound vesicle containing enzymes

26
Q

peroxisome function

A

break down lipids and toxic waste products (ex. alcohol)

27
Q

vacuole appearance

A

a large membrane-bound, fluid-filled sac

28
Q

vacuole function

A

temporary storage of food, water, or waste products

29
Q

cytoskeleton appearance

A

a network of three kinds of interconnected fibres

30
Q

cytoskeleton function

A

maintain cell shape and allow for movement of cell parts:

actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

31
Q

centrosome appearance

A

located near the nucleus

32
Q

centrosome function

A

organizes the cell’s microtubules, contains a pair of centrioles, and helps to organize the even distribution of cell components when cells divide

33
Q

cilia appearance

A

hairlike structures extending from the cell membrane

34
Q

cilia function

A

beat in a coordinated rhythm to produce movement

35
Q

flagella (sing. flagellum) appearance

A

long, hairlike projections extending from the cell membrane

36
Q

flagella (sing. flagellum) function

A

propels the cell using a whiplike motion

37
Q

cell wall appearance

A

rigid structure surrounding cell membrane

38
Q

cell wall function

A

protects and supports the cell and allows materials to pass to and from the cell membrane through pores

39
Q

central vacuole appearance

A

very large membrane-bound, fluid-filled storage sac

40
Q

central vacuole function

A

gives added internal support to a plant cell and contains toxic molecules and storage molecules

41
Q

plastid (chloroplasts) appearance

A

stacked internal membrane sacs enclosed with a double membrane

42
Q

plastid (chloroplasts) function

A

can perform photosynthesis

11 Biology (diversity) (38 decks)

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