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Academic Decathlon (WWII) > Music > Flashcards

Music Flashcards

1
Q

Broadway support organization that undertook projects to support troops during both world wars, sponsors the Tony Awards

A

American Theatre Wing

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2
Q

modern jazz style with complex melodies, rhythms, harmonies, and irregular phrasing

A

Bebop

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3
Q

magazine devoted to tracking trends in entertainment, especially music broadcasts and record sales

A

The Billboard

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4
Q

soundproof housing that encases a movie camera, so camera motor is not picked up by the microphone

A

Camera blimp

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5
Q

jazz arranging technique in which instructions of the same family are assigned similar music to play

A

Block voicing

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6
Q

music style that originated with African Americans as a way to lament problems and unhappiness

A

Blues

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7
Q

20th century theatrical term for overall storyline and dialogue of a Broadway show

A

Book

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8
Q

jazz (and blues) piano style, left hand plays a heavy, bouncy, repetitive pattern, right hand performs syncopated melodies

A

Boogie-woogie

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9
Q

radio station operating just outside of US borders, usually broadcasting with a very strong signal, AKA an X station

A

Border blaster

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10
Q

guitar technique, finger of left hand is inserted into the sawed-off neck of a glass bottle so the finger can glide up and down the strings smoothly

A

Bottleneck

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11
Q

collective nickname for NY theater district

A

Broadway

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12
Q

debut 1936, first of the popularity charts issued by The Billboard

A

Chart line

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13
Q

in jazz and musical theater, describes one complete statement of the main melody

A

Chorus

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14
Q

uses twelve-bar-blues structure, customarily features female singer in concert situations, pre-planned material with accompanist or small ensemble

A

Classic blues

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15
Q

small jazz or blues ensemble

A

Combo

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16
Q

uses twelve-bar-blues structure, customarily features male singer in informal situations, playing guitar, improvising text, using great rhythmic flexibility

A

Country blues

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17
Q

popular singing style, capitalized on sensitive microphones, singer vocalizes with warm, resonant tone and very clear diction (Bing Crosby)

A

Crooning

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18
Q

style of visual art, literature, and music of 20th century, expresses artist’s inner feelings about the subject through distortion and exaggeration

A

Expressionism

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19
Q

set of treaties and protocols that govern humane behavior during war

A

Geneva Conventions

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20
Q

award from John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation for exceptional scholarship or creative ability in the arts and sciences

A

Guggenheim Fellowship

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21
Q

in film scoring, the use of quiet, high-pitched strings to accentuate a moment in a scene

A

Halo of strings

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22
Q

unwritten plan for a jazz performance, discussed by the musicians and then played “from their heads”

A

Head arrangement

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23
Q

designation for a show whose songs are specifically suited for the situation in which they are sung or for the character who sings them

A

Integrated

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24
Q

film/tv music that parallels every gesture of the action, usually for comic effect

A

Mickey-mousing

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25
Q

long pole that suspends a microphone over a set

A

Microphone boom

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26
Q

20th century artistic trend that prized innovation above anything else

A

Modernism

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27
Q

most successful early sound-on-film technology, developed by Fox Studios

A

Movietone

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28
Q

comic genre usually presented in modern costume with popular tunes and dances

A

Musical comedy

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29
Q

portion of a show in which the characters alternate between singing and speaking

A

Musical scene

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30
Q

genre label for dramatic works with songs that are integrated into the storyline

A

Musical (theater)

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31
Q

music that is newly composed for a particular film

A

Original score

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32
Q

agency established during WWII to oversee US government information and propaganda efforts

A

Office of War Information (OWI)

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33
Q

decision by the American Federation of Musicians to ban instrumentalists from recording new pieces starting 8/1/42 until record companies agreed to pay royalties for their performances

A

Petrillo Ban

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34
Q

one of the earliest technologies to develop sound-on-film playback, invented by Lee de Forest

A

Phonofilm

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35
Q

piano that has had its tone color modified by various objects inserted into the strings

A

Prepared piano

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36
Q

1) printed guide to a concert performance

2) storyline/concept that is illustrated without words in instrumental music

A

Program

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37
Q

pre-existing source (novel, movie, play, etc.) that inspires a Broadway show; shows not based on earlier materials are called “original”

A

Property

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38
Q

annual prizes that reward achievement in journalism, literature, and musical composition

A

Pulitzer Prizes

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39
Q

harmonic progression introduced in the chorus of Gershwin’s “I Got Rhythm” (1930), subsequently borrowed for 100’s of new tunes

A

Rhythm changes

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40
Q

accompanying musicians (usually piano, string bass, drum set, and guitar) who support the harmony and rhythm of a jazz tune

A

Rhythm section

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41
Q

heavier suspended cymbal that allows the rhythm to remain audible even as the cymbal is ringing

A

Ride cymbal

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42
Q

jazz motif (melodic, rhythmic, or chord progression) that is repeated in an ostinato fashion

A

Riff

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43
Q

abbr. for “revolutions per minute,” which measures the rotation speed of audio recordings

A

rpm

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44
Q

jazz vocal technique in which the performer sings nonsense syllables, voice is treated as if an instrument

A

Scat singing

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45
Q

a short-long rhythmic pattern, with the short note occurring on a strong pulse

A

Scotch snap

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46
Q

an up-and-down pitch oscillation or “wobble,” added to particular notes by many jazz musicians

A

Shake

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47
Q

film lasting only a few minutes

A

Short

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48
Q

loud passage in a jazz piece, usually featuring the full ensemble playing in the same rhythm simultaneously

A

Shout chorus

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49
Q

recording featuring just one song or piece of music

A

Single

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50
Q

Soviet doctrine insisting that artists must produce readily accessible works, avoiding anything that would be difficult to understand

A

Socialist Realism

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51
Q

passage in a jazz piece in which the majority of performers stop playing to feature one soloist

A

Solo break

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52
Q

music in a film that the characters in that scene would be likely to hear

A

Source music

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53
Q

vocal genre developed by African Americans, usually has a simple, flexible melody and a religious meaning

A

Spiritual

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54
Q

song that has remained popular for a long time and has been recorded many times

A

Standard

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55
Q

experimental approach in which the performer touches the actual piano strings (plucking, strumming, stroking, etc.) rather than playing the keys

A

String piano

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56
Q

1) rhythmic device particularly prevalent in jazz, creates a compound-meter effect
2) style of jazz usually featuring big-band instrumentation, carefully planned music arrangements, and very danceable beats

A

Swing

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57
Q

film music that uses orchestral music

A

Symphonic score

58
Q

short extension at the end of a chorus

A

Tag

59
Q

1) music publishing district in New York

2) type of popular music issued by these publishers 1880’s-1950’s

A

Tin Pan Alley

60
Q

comedy dependent on the audience’s awareness of current events

A

Topical humor

61
Q

20th century style that breaks away as much as possible from traditional musical approaches

A

Ultramodernism

62
Q

military welfare agency est. by the US gov. at the start of WWII by unifying the efforts of 6 private organizations: YMCA, YWCA, National Catholic Community Service, National Jewish Welfare Board, Salvation Army, and National Travelers Aid Association

A

United Service Organizations (USO)

63
Q

introductory vocal passage in a Tin Pan Alley song

A

Verse

64
Q

number in which a character sings about something imaginary so that the singer or another character starts to believe the vision

A

Vision song

65
Q

most successful early sound-on-disc technology, supported by Warner Bros. and used for the first talking film

A

Vitaphone

66
Q

collective nickname for the theater district in London

A

West End

67
Q

Grouped the instruments into four categories

A

Curt Sachs and Erich von Hornbostel

68
Q

The quality, character, or color of a musical sound

A

Timbre

69
Q

Who were the composers of the musical The Threepenny Opera, written in 1928?

A

Weill and Bracht

70
Q

Which composer wrote a piece that included percussion, piano, and a siren?

A

Varése

71
Q

The president of the Musicians Union during WWII

A

James Petrillo

72
Q

In “Quartet for the End of Time,” Messiaen devised a pattern of 29 chords that the piano must cycle through during a rhythmic pattern consisting of how many notes?

A

17

73
Q

What year did Gershwin’s musical comedy Girl Crazy appear?

A

1930

74
Q

Bandleader that was the first to employ racially integrated ensembles

A

Benny Goodman

75
Q

Charles Seeger is the creator of a well-known compositional technique called

A

Dissonant counterpoint

76
Q

Around what year was Schoenberg’s “Emancipation of the Dissonance” written?

A

1910

77
Q

How many classical music library sets did Armed Forces Master Records, Inc. distribute throughout the US and in war theaters from Africa to the South Pacific?

A

1,800

78
Q

The name of a newspaper dedicated to the entertainment industry

A

Variety

79
Q

The first live network radio broadcast aired in 1926 and featured Serge Koussevitsky and the

A

Boston Symphony Orchestra

80
Q

During the war years all four networks agreed to offer the same program simultaneously. What was the name of the program?

A

This is War!

81
Q

The big band which enlisted in the Navy was led by

A

Artie Shaw

82
Q

category of string instruments, according to the Sachs and Hornbostel classification system

A

Chordophones

83
Q

category of wind instruments, according to the Sachs and Hornbostel classification system

A

Aerophones

84
Q

category of drums, according to the Sachs and Hornbostel classification system

A

Membranophones

85
Q

category of solid percussion instruments, according to the Sachs and Hornbostel classification system

A

Idiophones

86
Q

tone sounding continually as a background to a performance

A

Drone

87
Q

melody in which a number of pitches are sounded over a single syllable or instrumental stroke

A

Melisma

88
Q

pitch intervals smaller than half-steps

A

Microtones

89
Q

method to teach pitch, in which the syllables “Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti” are spoken as their pitches are sung

A

Solfege

90
Q

pitch from which a scale is built

A

Tonic

91
Q

form in which verses are sung alternating with a repetitive chorus or refrain

A

Verse-chorus

92
Q

vocal music with instruments, literally “in the church (chapel) style”

A

A cappella

93
Q

pattern related to verse-chorus, but where the “chorus” has new words each time

A

Alteration form

94
Q

lowest female voice

A

Alto

95
Q

individual pitches of a chord are played in rapid succession rather than simultaneously

A

Arpeggio

96
Q

lengthening of a melody or rhythm by increasing the duration of all of its notes

A

Augmentation

97
Q

male voice between bass and tenor

A

Baritone

98
Q

lowest male voice

A

Bass

99
Q

use of two conventional chords simultaneously

A

Bichord

100
Q

section during a solo when unaccompanied soloist is featured while orchestra stops playing

A

Cadenza

101
Q

soloist/small group presents a short motif, and larger group echoes or answers with contrasting material

A

Call-and-response

102
Q

vocal work with accompaniment

A

Cantata

103
Q

piano genre popular in Romantic era, small-scale work portraying particular image or mood

A

Character piece

104
Q

instrumental genre that juxtaposes an orchestra against a soloist or small group of soloists

A

Concerto

105
Q

melody that is juxtaposed against another melody, producing counterpoint

A

Countermelody

106
Q

modernist musical texture in which two or more lines of music clash with each other

A

Dissonant counterpoint

107
Q

contrasting material that occurs in between statements of the refrain of a rondo form

A

Episode

108
Q

downward slide or droop from a pitch

A

Fall

109
Q

sustain a note (or rest) longer than its notated duration

A

Fermata

110
Q

brass instrument, lower than a trumpet and higher than a trombone

A

Flugelhorn

111
Q

focus on abstract music that gives intellectual pleasure

A

Formalism

112
Q

use of harmony in which common-practice chords are employed

A

Free tonality

113
Q

rapid sweeping motion up or down a scale

A

Glissando

114
Q

amplified partial of the overtone series, produced in different ways by different types of instruments

A

Harmonic

115
Q

melody that follows a reversed contour in comparison to a different melody

A

Inversion

116
Q

device that quiets or muffles an instrument’s sound

A

Mute

117
Q

style that celebrates culture or characteristics of a country in art/music

A

Nationalism

118
Q

a fairly prominent countermelody

A

Obbligato

119
Q

assigning of instruments to various layers of the musical score

A

Orchestration

120
Q

object that remains the same whether read forward or backward, in music, often a rhythm or series of pitches

A

Palindrome

121
Q

concluding harmonic progression that moves from the subdominant (IV) chord to the tonic (I) chord

A

Plagal cadence

122
Q

chord built with intervals that are a fourth apart

A

Quartal harmony

123
Q

chord built with intervals that are a fifth apart

A

Quintal harmony

124
Q

ensemble of five musicians

A

Quintet

125
Q

speech-like singing style

A

Recitative

126
Q

synonym for repetitive chorus in a verse-chorus form or the recurring “A” section in a rondo form

A

Refrain

127
Q

material that recurs multiple times in a piece or movement

A

Ritornello

128
Q

technique in which a series of pitches is repeated multiple times, but each time the initial pitch moves to the back of the line

A

Rotation

129
Q

subtle speeding and slowing of the tempo

A

Rubato

130
Q

joking or particularly fast movement, usually in a sonata cycle

A

Scherzo

131
Q

successive repetition of a musical motif or phrase at higher or lower pitch levels

A

Sequence

132
Q

pattern of repetition that can be diagrammed as a-a-b-a’

A

Song form

133
Q

highest female voice

A

Soprano

134
Q

highest male voice

A

Tenor

135
Q

customary technique of common-practice harmony, consisting of chords that are built on intervals of a third

A

Tertian harmony

136
Q

dissonant group of closely adjacent pitches

A

Tone cluster

137
Q

rapid repetition of a pitch that creates a “trembling” effect

A

Tremolo

138
Q

“all” or “everyone” in Italian, meaning that the full ensemble participates simultaneously

A

Tutti

139
Q

type of text expression in which the music tries to create a literal depiction of a particular word/phrase’s meaning

A

Word-painting

140
Q

voice is treated as an instrument, performing without text

A

Wordless voice

Academic Decathlon (WWII) (12 decks)

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