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Anatomy > Trigeminal Nerve > Flashcards

Trigeminal Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

Largest cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

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2
Q

3 parts of the brainstem

A

Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

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3
Q

4 nuclei of the trigeminal nerve

A

Mesencephalic nucleus, principle sensory nucleus, spinal nucleus, motor nucleus (all of the trigeminal nerve)

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4
Q

Location of mencephalic nucleus

A

Slightly lateral to 3rd ventricle in midbrain

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5
Q

Location of principle sensory nucleus

A

Slightly lateral to 3rd ventricle in pons

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6
Q

Location of spinal nucleus

A

Slightly lateral to 4th ventricle in medulla oblongata

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7
Q

Location of motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve

A

Immediates medial to principle sensory nucleus

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8
Q

What is the continuation of the caudal end of the spinal nucleus into the spinal cord?

A

Spinothalamic tract

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9
Q

Extension of trigeminal nerve from lateral surface of pons

A

Sensory root of trigeminal

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10
Q

What does the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve connect?

A

lateral surface of pons to the medial surface of the trigeminal ganglion

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11
Q

What runs on the inferior surface of the filamentous sensory stalk of the trigeminal?

A

Motor root of the trigeminal

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12
Q

Superior Cranial extension of the trigeminal

A

Opthalmic branch V1

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13
Q

Inferior cranial extension of trigeminal

A

Maxillary branch V2

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14
Q

Inferior extension passing out of the skull of the trigeminal

A

Mandibular branch V3

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15
Q

What runs parallel to/merges with mandibular branch?

A

Motor root of the trigeminal

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16
Q

What is enclosed in the Trigeminal Cave?

A

Roots of trigeminal nerve, trigeminal ganglion, proximal ends of the 3 trigeminal branches

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17
Q

What are the layers of the trigeminal cave formed from?

A

2 layers from the tentorium cerebelli of the dura matter

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18
Q

What venous structure does the trigeminal cave abut?

A

Cavernous sinus

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19
Q

What parts of the trigeminal enter the cavernous sinus?

A

Opthalmic and maxillary on the lateral wall

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20
Q

Path of maxillary branch

A

Thru F. rotundum to reach the pterygipalatine fossa, communicates with pterygopalatine ganglion, divides into zygomatic/infraorbital nerves (both enter inferior orbital fissure)

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21
Q

Largest meningeal nerve branch

A

Middle meningeal nerve

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22
Q

Path of middle meningeal branch of the trigeminal

A

Arises from maxillary just before it enters the f. rotundum

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23
Q

Path of meningeal nerve

A

Arises from mandibular branch immediately after ot passes thru f. ovale then enters the skull via the f. spinosum with the middle meningeal ARTERY

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24
Q

Smallest of trigeminal branches

A

Opthalmic branch V1

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25
Q

3 subdivisions of the opthalmic branch

A

Front, lacrimal, nasocillary

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26
Q

What passes thru the superior tip of the superior orbital fissure?

A

frontal and lacrimal subdivisions of ophthalmic division

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27
Q

Where does the nasocilliary subdivision of the opthalmic branch enter the orbit?

A

Inferiorly within the tendinous ring of supraocular muscles

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28
Q

What does the frontal split into?

A

Supratrochlear nerve, supraorbital nerve

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29
Q

Path of supratrochlear nerve

A

Exits orbit near the medial corner, extends superiorly along the forehead. Is sensory

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30
Q

Path of supraorbital nerve

A

Exits orbit thru supraorbital foramen, extends superiorly along forhead and posteriorly to near the vertex. Sensory

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31
Q

Path of lacrimal nerve

A

Along superior surface of lateral rectus to lateral corner of the orbit. Supplies lacrimal gland.

32
Q

Path of nasociliary nerve

A

Along superior surface of optic nerve and medial border of the orbit between medial rectus and superior oblique muscles

33
Q

What does the nasociliary nerve intergrate with?

A

Parasympathetic/sympathetic axons, and inferior division of oculomotor nerve (3)

34
Q

Short ciliary nerves

A

Carries sensory info from the eye thru the ciliary ganglion via communicating branches into the nasociliary

35
Q

Long ciliary nerves

A

Carry sensory info from the eve, but bypasses ciliary ganglion*

36
Q

Posterior ethmoid nerve

A

Exits orbit thru posterior ethmoid foramen. Sensory to sphenoid sinus and posterior ethmoid air cells

37
Q

Anterior ethmoid nerve

A

Exits orbits via anterior ethmoidal foramen, passes thru margin of cribform plate to enter cranial cavity, gives off meningeal branch, passes inferiorly thru nasal slit to enter nasal cavity, terminates at lateral portion of the nose

38
Q

What passes thru the nasal slit?

A

Anterior ethmoidal foramen

39
Q

Infratrochlear nerve

A

The nasociliary distal to the branching of anterior ethmoidal nerve

40
Q

Path of infratrochlear nerve

A

Exits the orbit at medial corner, extends medially to bridge of nose

41
Q

Branches of maxillary nerve

A

ganglionic branches, posterior superior alveolar, zygomatic, infraorbital nerve

42
Q

Branches of zygomatic nerve

A

Communicating branch, sygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal

43
Q

Branches of infraorbital nerve

A

Anterior superior alveolar, inferior palpebral, lateral nasal, superior labial

44
Q

Path of infraorbital nerve

A

Exits near middle of inferior orbital fissure, enters infraorbital canal, gives off one branch, passes thru infraorbital foramen, branches on the face

45
Q

Divisions of mandibular nerve

A

Anterior/posterior

46
Q

Anterior division of mandibular branches

A

Medial /lateral pterygoid masseteric nerve, deep temporal, buccal

47
Q

Branches off of nerve to medial pterygoid

A

Otic ganglion (muscular branch but no synaptic connections), tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

48
Q

Path of nerve to medial pterygoid

A

Runs over the deep surface of the medial pterygoid

49
Q

Deep temporal nerve path

A

Superior to lateral pterygoid, deep surface of temporalis, splits into anterior/posterior.

50
Q

Buccal nerve path

A

Courses deep to temporalis/masseter.

51
Q

Posterior division of the mandibular branch path

A

Courses inferiorly, and branches are more anterior than anterior division

52
Q

Main branches of posterior division of mandibular branch

A

Auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar

53
Q

Path of auriculotemporal nerve

A

Posterior with an inferior arch to course around the neck of mandibul, pierces by middle meningeal artery, between temporomandibular joint/external meatus before running superior along the head

54
Q

Innervation of auriculotemporal nerve

A

Sensory to temporal region/TMJ/auditory canal/outer surface of tympanum. Autonomics to parotid gland

55
Q

Path of lingual nerve

A

Inferior to lateral pterygoid, medial to inferior alveolar nerve, then between medial pterygoid and ramus of mandible, connects to submandibular ganglion, bifurfactes at the hyoglossus to form sublingual gland and sublingual nerve

56
Q

Path of inferior alveolar nerve

A

Inferior along posterior margin of lateral pterygoid, nerve to mylohyoid, passes thru mandibular foramen entering the mandibular canal, bifurcates anteriorly to form incisive and mental nerve

57
Q

Inputs of ciliary ganglion

A

postsynaptic sympathetic axons from superior cervical ganglion, presynaptic parasympathtic axons in the inferior division of CN 3, sensory fibers from nasociliary nerve

58
Q

Outputs of ciliary ganglion

A

Short ciliary nerve (caudal surface of eye)

59
Q

Function of ciliary ganglion

A

Autonomics that regulate accomidation of the lens and pupillary aperature

60
Q

Inputs Pterygopalatine ganglion

A

Postsynaptic sympathetic axons from superior cervical ganglion, thru carotid plexus and into deep petrosal/pterygoid canal nerves. Presynaptic parasympathetic from greater petrosal (facial nerve). Sensory fibers from maxillary

61
Q

Posterior superior nasal nerve

A

From pterygopalatine ganglion. Enters nasal cavity thru sphenopalatine f. radiates over lateral/medial walls of nasal cavity

62
Q

Posterior inferior nasal nerve

A

From pterygopalatine ganglion. Inferiorly thru pterygopalatine fossa to enter palatine canal, exits canal, passes thru lateral wall of nasal cavity

63
Q

Nasopalatine nerve

A

Enters nasal cavity thru sphenopalatine foramen, runs anteriorly along roof of nasal cavity, anteroinferiorly across septum, thru incisive canal to reach hard palate, integrates with greater palatine nerve

64
Q

Greater palatine nerve path

A

From pterygopalatine ganglion. Inferiorly thru pterygopalatine fossa to enter palatine canal, exits canal via greater palatine foramen, splits in the posterior half of the hard palate

65
Q

Lesser palatine nerve path

A

From pterygopalatine ganglion. Inferiorly thru pterygopalatine fossa to enter palatine canal, exits canal via lesser palatine foramen, splits in the soft palate

66
Q

Orbital nerve path

A

Passes thru inferior orbital fissure

67
Q

Pharyngeal nerve path

A

From pterygopalatine ganglion. Exits pterygopalatine fossa via palatovaginal canal

68
Q

Function of pterygopalatine ganglion

A

Regulate lacrimation

69
Q

Inputs of Submandibular ganglion

A

postsynaptic sympathetic axons from superior cervical ganglion thru facial artery plexus, presynaptic parasympathtic axons in chorda tympana of facial nerve, sensory fibers from lingual nerve

70
Q

Outputs of submandibular ganglion

A

Course in lingual nerve or nerve to submandibular gland

71
Q

Function of submandibular ganglion

A

Autonomics regulate saliva expression in sublingual/submandibular glands

72
Q

Inputs of otic ganglion

A

postsynaptic sympathetic axons from superior cervical ganglion thru plexus around middle meningeal artery, presynaptic parasympathtic axons from CN 10 in lesser petrosal nerve, sensory and muscular axons from medial pterygoid nerve and from chorda tympana

73
Q

Outputs of otic ganglion

A

Auriculotemporal nerve to parotid gland

74
Q

Function of otic ganglion

A

Autonomics thru otic ganglion regulate salivation at parotid gland

75
Q

Trigeminal palsy

A

Paralysis of muscles of mastication (anterior division of mandibular nerve)

76
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Typically unilateral, aka suicide disease, sharp jolts of intense pain, can last hours or days

Anatomy (35 decks)

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