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BIO 301 > Chapter 3.1: Carbon: The Framework of Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Chapter 3.1: Carbon: The Framework of Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Define hydrocarbons

A

molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen

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2
Q

What are molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen?

A

hydrocarbons

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3
Q

Why do hydrocarbons make good fuels?

A

 Make good fuels since C-H bond stores a lot of energy

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4
Q

Define functional group

A

a molecular group attached to a hydrocarbon that confers chemical properties or reactivities

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5
Q

What is a molecular group attached to a hydrocarbon that confers chemical properties or reactivities?

A

functional group

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6
Q

What type of biological molecules are hydroxyl groups found in?

A

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

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7
Q

What type of biological molecules are carbonyl groups found in?

A

carbohydrates and nucleic acids

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8
Q

What type of biological molecules are carboxyl groups found in?

A

proteins, lipids

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9
Q

What type of biological molecules are amino groups found in?

A

proteins, nucleic acids

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10
Q

What type of biological molecules are sulfhydryl groups found in?

A

proteins

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11
Q

What type of biological molecules are nucleic acids groups found in?

A

phosphate

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12
Q

What type of biological molecules are methyl groups found in?

A

proteins

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13
Q

Define isomers

A

one of a group of molecules identical in atomic composition, but differing in structural arrangement

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14
Q

What is one of a group of molecules identical in atomic composition, but differing in structural arrangement?

A

isomer

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15
Q

Define structural isomers

A

isomers with differences in the actual structure of their carbon skeleton

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16
Q

What are isomers with differences in the actual structure of their carbon skeleton?

A

structural isomers

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17
Q

Define stereoisomers

A

isomers that have the same carbon skeleton, but differ in how the groups attached to this skeleton are arranged in space

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18
Q

What are isomers that have the same carbon skeleton, but differ in how the groups attached to this skeleton are arranged in space?

A

stereoisomers

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19
Q

Define enantiomer

A

stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other

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20
Q

What are stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other?

A

enantiomer

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21
Q

Define chiral molecule

A

a molecule that has mirror-image versions

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22
Q

What is a molecule that has mirror-image versions?

A

chiral molecule

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23
Q

Define polymer

A

a molecule composed of many similar or identical molecular subunits

24
Q

What is a molecule composed of many similar or identical molecular subunits?

A

polymer

25
Q

Define monomer

A

the smallest chemical subunit of a polymer

26
Q

What is the smallest chemical subunit of a polymer?

A

monomer

27
Q

What is the function of starch, glycogen?

A

energy storage

28
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

structural support in plant cell walls

29
Q

What is the function of chitin?

A

structural support

30
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

encodes genes

31
Q

What is the function of RNA?

A

needed for gene expression

32
Q

What is the function of functional proteins?

A

catalysis; transport

33
Q

What is the function of structural proteins?

A

support

34
Q

What is the function of triglycerides?

A

energy storage

35
Q

What is the function of phospholipids?

A

cell membranes

36
Q

What is the function of prostaglandins?

A

chemical messengers

37
Q

What is the function of steroids?

A

membranes; hormones

38
Q

What is the function of terpenes?

A

pigments; structural support

39
Q

Define dehydration reaction, or condensation

A

A types of chemical reaction in which two molecules join to form one larger molecule, simultaneously splitting out a molecule of water, one molecule is stripped of a hydrogen atom, and another is stripped of a hydroxyl group (-OH), resulting in the joining of two molecules, while the H and -OH released may combine to form a water molecule

40
Q

What is A types of chemical reaction in which two molecules join to form one larger molecule, simultaneously splitting out a molecule of water, one molecule is stripped of a hydrogen atom, and another is stripped of a hydroxyl group (-OH), resulting in the joining of two molecules, while the H and -OH released may combine to form a water molecule?

A

dehydration reaction, or condensation

41
Q

Define hydrolysis

A

a chemical reaction where hydrogen atom is attached to one subunit and a hydroxyl group to the other, breaking the covalent bond joining the subunits

42
Q

What is a chemical reaction where hydrogen atom is attached to one subunit and a hydroxyl group to the other, breaking the covalent bond joining the subunits?

A

hydrolysis

43
Q

What is the name of this functional group?

A

hydroxyl

44
Q

Describe the hydroxyl functional group

A
45
Q

What is the name of this functional group?

A

carbonyl

46
Q

Describe the carbonyl functional group

A
47
Q

What is the name of this functional group?

A

carboxyl

48
Q

Describe the carboxyl functional group

A
49
Q

What is the name of this functional group?

A

amino

50
Q

Describe the amino functional group

A
51
Q

What is the name of this functional group?

A

sulfhydryl

52
Q

Describe the sulfhydryl functional group

A
53
Q

What is the name of this functional group?

A

phosphate

54
Q

Describe the phosphate functional group

A
55
Q

What is the name of this functional group?

A

methyl

56
Q

Describe the methyl functional group

A

BIO 301 (70 decks)

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