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BIO 301 > Course Guide Chapter 9: Respiration > Flashcards

Course Guide Chapter 9: Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

cytoplasm

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2
Q

Where does acetyl CoA formation occur?

A

mitochondria

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3
Q

Where does Krebs cycle occur?

A

mitochondrial matrix

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4
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

A

inner membrane of mitochondria

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5
Q

What is the first step of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

NADH or FADH2 electron carriers transfer the electrons stripped from food molecules

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6
Q

After NADH or FADH2 electron carriers transfer the electrons stripped from food molecules, what is the last step of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

These electrons are then transferred through the electron transport chain and then finally accepted by O2

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7
Q

What happens in the respiration electron transport chain?

A

During this electron transfer process, H+’s are pumped from the matrix into the intermembrane space of mitochondria generating a [H+] gradient. In addition, the concentration of positive charges in the intermembrane space and negative charges in the matrix results in electrochemical gradient.

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8
Q

What is the first step of glycolysis?

A

Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase

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9
Q

After Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase, what is the next step of glycolysis?

A

Glucose 6-phosphate is converted into fructose 6-phosphate

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10
Q

After Glucose 6-phosphate is converted into fructose 6-phosphate, what is the next step of glycolysis?

A

phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase

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11
Q

After phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase, what is the next step of glycolysis?

A

fructose 1,6-biphosphate is split into dihydroxyacetonephosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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12
Q

After fructose 1,6-biphosphate is split into dihydroxyacetonephosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, what is the next step of glycolysis?

A

reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetonephosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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13
Q

After reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetonephosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, what is the next step of glycolysis?

A

oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and phosphorylation to generate 1,3-biphosphoglycerate

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14
Q

After oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and phosphorylation to generate 1,3-biphosphoglycerate, what is the next step of glycolysis?

A

first ATP synthesis by transferring high energy phosphate group from 1,3 BPG to ADP (substrate level phosphorylation)

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15
Q

After first ATP synthesis by transferring high energy phosphate group from 1,3 BPG to ADP (substrate level phosphorylation), what is the next step of glycolysis?

A

The phosphate group of 3-phosphoglycerate is transferred from 3rd C to 2nd C to generate 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglyceromutase

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16
Q

After The phosphate group of 3-phosphoglycerate is transferred from 3rd C to 2nd C to generate 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglyceromutase, what is the next step of glycolysis?

A

removal of H2O from 2-PGA to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

17
Q

After removal of H2O from 2-PGA to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), what is the last step of glycolysis?

A

second ATP synthesis. The phosphate from PEP is transferred to ADP (second substrate level phosphorylation) to generate two more ATPs

18
Q

What are the inputs of glycolysis?

A

Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2Pi

19
Q

What are the outputs of glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate + NADH + H+ + ATP (net)

20
Q

What are the inputs of acetyl CoA formation?

A

pyruvate + NAD+ + CoA

21
Q

What are the outputs of acetyl CoA formation?

A

Acetyl CoA + NADH

22
Q

What is the first step of the Krebs cycle?

A

the first commited step performed by citrate synthase in which acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate combine to form citrate, CoA, and H

23
Q

After the first commited step performed by citrate synthase in which acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate combine to form citrate, CoA, and H, what is the next step of the Krebs cycle?

A

isomerization of citrate

24
Q

After isomerization of citrate, what is the next step of the Krebs cycle?

A

oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by isocitrate dehydrogenase into a-ketoglutarate

25
Q

After oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by isocitrate dehydrogenase into a-ketoglutarate, what is the next step of the Krebs cycle?

A

a-ketoglutarate and CoA are turned into succinyl CoA by NAD+

26
Q

After a-ketoglutarate and CoA are turned into succinyl CoA by NAD+, what is the next step of the Krebs cycle?

A

substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP to generate an ATP by transferring the phosphate from GTP to ADP

27
Q

After substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP to generate an ATP by transferring the phosphate from GTP to ADP, what is the next step of the Krebs cycle?

A

another set of electrons are transferred to FAD for later use in oxidative phosphorylation

28
Q

After another set of electrons are transferred to FAD for later use in oxidative phosphorylation, what is the next step of the Krebs cycle?

A

preparation to extract more electrons to reduce NAD+

29
Q

After preparation to extract more electrons to reduce NAD+, what is the last step of the Krebs cycle?

A

Malate and NAD+ are turned into oxaloacetate and NADH

30
Q

What are the inputs of the Krebs cycle?

A

Acetyl CoA + NAD+ + FAD + ADP + Pi + H2O

31
Q

What are the outputs of the Krebs cycle?

A

CO2 + NADH + H+ + FADH2 + ATP + CoA

32
Q

What are the inputs of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

NADH, FADH2, ADP, Pi, O2

33
Q

What are the outputs of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

NAD+, FAD, ATP and H2O

34
Q

What are the inputs of alcohol fermentation?

A

Glucose + ADP + Pi

35
Q

What are the outputs of alcohol fermentation?

A

Ethanol + CO2 + ATP

36
Q

What are the inputs of lactate fermentation?

A

Glucose + ADP + Pi

37
Q

What are the outputs of lactate fermentation?

A

Lactate + ATP

38
Q
A

BIO 301 (70 decks)

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