Chapter 7.1: Overview of Respiration

Question 1

What is the passage of energetic electrons through a series of membrane-associated electron-carrier molecules to proton pumps embedded within mitochondrial or chloroplast membranes?

Answer 1

electron transport chain

Question 2

What is a molecule that become reduced (to NADH) as it carries high-energy electrons from oxidized molecules and delivers them to ATP-producing pathways in the cell?

Answer 2

• Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)

Question 3

Define anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

the use of electron transport to generate a proton gradient for chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP using a final electron acceptor other than oxygen

Question 4

What is result of glycolysis?

Answer 4

this enzyme-catalyzed process yields two molecules of pyruvate with a net of two molecules of ATP

Question 5

Is ATP synthesis endergonic or exergonic?

Answer 5

endergoninc

Question 6

What is the metabolic harvesting of energy by oxidation, ultimately dependent on molecular oxygen?

Answer 6

cellular respiration

Question 7

Define heterotroph

Answer 7

an organism that cannot derive energy from photosynthesis or inorganic chemical, and so must feed on other plants and animals, obtaining chemical energy by degrading their organic molecules

Question 8

What happens in substrate-level phosphorylation?

Answer 8

 In substrate-level phosphorylation, ATP is formed by transferring a phosphate group directly to ADP from a phosphate-bearing intermediate, or substrate

Question 9

What is the enzyme-catalyzed extraction of energy from organic compounds without the involvement of oxygen?

Answer 9

fermentation

Question 10

Define autotrophs

Answer 10

an organism able to build all the complex organic molecules that it requires as its own food source, using only simple inorganic compounds

Question 11

Define fermentation

Answer 11

the enzyme-catalyzed extraction of energy from organic compounds without the involvement of oxygen

Question 12

What is the anaerobic breakdown of glucose?

Answer 12

glycolysis

Question 13

Define glycolysis

Answer 13

the anaerobic breakdown of glucose

Question 14

What is a chemical reaction involving the loss of a hydrogen atom. This is an oxidation that combines loss of an electron with loss of a proton.?

Answer 14

dehydrogenation

Question 15

What is the use of electron transport to generate a proton gradient for chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP using a final electron acceptor other than oxygen?

Answer 15

anaerobic respiration

Question 16

Define aerobic respiration

Answer 16

the process that results in the complete oxidation of glucose using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor for an electron transport chain that produces a proton gradient for the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP

Question 17

Define ATP synthase

Answer 17

the enzyme responsible for producing ATP in oxidative phosphorylation

Question 18

Is cellular respiration endergonic or exergonic?

Answer 18

exergonic

Question 19

Define cellular respiration

Answer 19

the metabolic harvesting of energy by oxidation, ultimately dependent on molecular oxygen

Question 20

What is the enzyme responsible for producing ATP in oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 20

ATP synthase

Question 21

What is the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase using energy from a proton gradient. The proton gradient is generated by electron transport, which requires oxygen?

Answer 21

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 22

What is an organism able to build all the complex organic molecules that it requires as its own food source, using only simple inorganic compounds?

Answer 22

autotroph

Question 23

Define oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 23

synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase using energy from a proton gradient. The proton gradient is generated by electron transport, which requires oxygen

Question 24

What is an organism that cannot derive energy from photosynthesis or inorganic chemical, and so must feed on other plants and animals, obtaining chemical energy by degrading their organic molecules?

Answer 24

heterotroph

Question 25

Define electron transport chain

Answer 25

the passage of energetic electrons through a series of membrane-associated electron-carrier molecules to proton pumps embedded within mitochondrial or chloroplast membranes

Question 26

What are the three forms of electron carriers in respiration and their purpose?

Answer 26

 Soluble carriers that move electrons from one molecule to another
 Membrane-Bound Carriers that form a redox chain
 Carriers that move within the membrane

Question 27

What is the process that results in the complete oxidation of glucose using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor for an electron transport chain that produces a proton gradient for the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP?

Answer 27

aerobic respiration

Question 28

What is dehydrogenation?

Answer 28

chemical reaction involving the loss of a hydrogen atom. This is an oxidation that combines loss of an electron with loss of a proton.

Question 29

Define • Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)

Answer 29

a molecule that become reduced (to NADH) as it carries high-energy electrons from oxidized molecules and delivers them to ATP-producing pathways in the cell