The Heart (Lecture 24) & Veins (Lecture 26)

Question 1

Heart

Answer 1

• located in the thoracic cavity in the mediastinum
• protected by the sternum and rib cage and the thoracic vertebra
• inside the pericardial sac

Fibourous pericardium:
• thick/ tough layer
• dense irregular connective tissue

Question 2

Four chambers of the heart

Answer 2

• 2 atria ( superior )

- 2 ventricles ( inferior)

Question 3

Auricle

Answer 3

• thin sharp edge
• region of the atrium
• scaled wavy edge
• ear shaped

Question 4

Major veins

Answer 4

• carries blood toward the heart
  -superior vena cava
  •carries blood from body parts superior to the heart to the heart
  • carries blood to the right atrium / low oxygenated
• inferior vena cava
  • body parts inferior to the heart to the heart
  • right atrium/ low oxygenated
• pulmonary veins
  • from right and left lungs to heart
  • left atrium / high in oxygen

Question 5

Major arteries

Answer 5

• carries blood away from the heart
  aorta
  • largest
  • takes blood away from left ventricle
  • high in oxygen
  Pulmonary trunk
  • goes to lungs away from the right ventricle
  • low in oxygen
  • pulmonary trunk branches into two pulmonary arteries going to the right and left lungs

Question 6

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 6

Tricuspid
•right atrioventricular valve
• 3 flaps of tissue
•located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Bicuspid ( mitral )
•2 flaps of tissue
• located between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Question 7

Semilunar

Answer 7

• flap of tissue, half moon shape
• at the base of artery
  Aortic semilunar valve
  •blood goes into aorta
  Pulmonary semilunar valve
  • cup shape
  • only into pulmonary trunk

Question 8

Chordae tendineae

Answer 8

Anchors valves to heart ( strings)

Question 9

Papillary muscles

Answer 9

Chordae tendineae is attached by these

Question 10

Points to Remember

Answer 10

• Arteries transport blood AWAY from the heart

- branches of aorta supply heart, head and neck, shoulder upper limb, trunk, abdomen, pelvis and lower limb

Question 11

Capillary Network

Answer 11

•Capillary Network connects arterial ans venous systems
•venules drain network
-smallest vein
-starting blood flow back to the heart
•blood flows into small medium and large veins
•valves (not not in arteries), allow blood to flow toward heart but will not go in opposite direction
-there is a thin flap of tissue with a cup shape

Question 12

Veins

Answer 12

•return blood from body to right atrium
•major veins
-superior vena cava ( head, neck, thorax, upper limbs)
-Inferior vena cava ( abdomen, pelvis, lower limbs)
-Coronary Sinus (heart)
•Types of veins
-superficial, deep and sinus (deep veins usually share the name with the artery they are next to)

Question 13

Sinuses

Answer 13

•a modified, slightly expanded vein that lacks smooth muscle
•incapable of changing diameter
-smooth muscle is used for changing diameter of blood vessels

Question 14

Veins draining the heart

Answer 14

•Cardiac Veins (great and small)
-drain the left and right sides of the heart
•venous blood collects in coronary sinus
-empties into the right atrium

Question 15

Venous Sinuses of the cranium

Answer 15

• Dural venous sinuses receive blood that has circulated through the brain and orbit
  
  • blood from these sinuses empties into internal jugular vein
  • internal jugular vein exits skull though the jugular foramen between temporal and occipital bones

Question 16

veins of the head and neck

Answer 16

•vertebral internal jugular joins with the su
-travel with vertebral artery through transverse foramina of cervicals
-drain cervicals, spinal cord, deep neck muscles
•external jugular joins with subclavian, the joining is called the brachialcephalic vein
•the right and left brachialcephalic veins join to form the superior vena cava
- they carry blood down to the right atrium

Question 17

veins of shoulder and upper limb

Answer 17

•Deep Veins
-radial and ulnar veins
-brachial vein, connects with the axillary vein
-axillary vein becoms the subclavian vein beneath clavicle
•superficial veins
-basilic vein (becomes axillary vein)
•joins the brachial vein
-cephalic vein
•cephallic and axillary join to form subclavian

Question 18

veins of abdomen and pelvis

Answer 18

• inferior vena cava is on the right side

* common iliac veins join to form the inferior vena cava

Question 19

Hepatic Portal System

Answer 19

•Hepatic system only found in the venous system
     -1 of 2 types of portal system
  •portal system
     -begins and ends in capillaries
     -the heart is not part of the system
  •Hepatic Portal system
     -begins with viscera of abdomen
     -ends with the liver

Question 20

veins of pelvis and lower limb

Answer 20

•Deep veins
     -anterior and posterior tibial veins
     -popliteal vein
     -femoral vein
     -external and internal iliac veins
  •superficial veins
     -great saphenous vein
            •longest vein in the body
  •varicose veins are blood pooling in the superficial veins.

Question 21

Points to remember

Answer 21

• three major types of veins: deep, superficial and sinuses
  
  • venous blood carried to heart by coronary sinus, superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
  • Hepatic portal system, is not connected directly to the heart