Unit 3: Period 4 Vocab Flashcards
Whigs
Political party that rivaled the Democratic Party. Ex. Henry Clay. Supported congress over the President. Appealed to business-y peps but not Old McDonald and his farmer friends.
Embargo Act
Thomas Jefferson ruined his entire reputation by stopping trade with all outside nations. He passed this during his second Presidency.
Seneca Fall Convention
First woman’s rights convention. #womanpower. Organized by female Quakers.
Utopian Communities
Idealistic and impractical communities. Who, Rather than seeking to create an ideal government or reform the world, withdrew from the sinful, corrupt world to work their miracles in microcosm, hoping to imitate the elect state of affairs that existed among the Apostles.
American Colonization Society
Founded to help assist free black people back to Africa. Founded in NJ, a northern state.
Frederick Douglass
African American abolitionist. Escaped from slavery and went up north to MA. First African American nominated to be VP and ran with a woman.
Hudson River School
American art (painting) movement which embodied landscapes influenced by romanticism.
John J Audubon
Painter known for painting and learning about birds. #cawcaw
Richard Allen
Black minister/ bishop (ur Jew girly doesn’t know the difference.) Founded African Methodist Episcopal Church.
David Walker
Black abolitionist. He was born free, lived in Boston. Published Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World.
Samuel Slater
Father of the industrial revolution. Brought British technology to the US. Designed textile mills.
Lowell System
Created textile mills where mill girls could earn more money than they did at home and the mill girls would live near the factory.
American System
An economic plan that used the ideas of Hamilton (the dude not the musical) and created tariffs to protect industry along with a new national bank and internal improvement. This was the Henry Clay plan.
Cult of Domesticity
A values system that created standards for women.
Lydia Marie Child
Abolitionist, women’s rights activist, Native American rights activist. Wrote the poem Over the River and Through the Wood, her most known work.
Monroe Doctrine
Basically a statement written by John Quincy Adams but delivered to the house by Monroe that said “Europe get out of this hemisphere and we will stay out of your affairs.”
Webster- Ashburton Treaty
Signed during John Tyler’s presidency. It was signeed between the US and British North American colonies. It resolved the Aroostook War. Resolved Great Lakes/rockies border disputes
Hartford Convention
- end of Federalist Party
- growing issue of Sectionalism
- federalist opposed the war of 1812
Nullification Crisis
Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were declared unconstitutional inSC and they ignored the law.
War Hawks
They were those peps who wanted war against England (War of 1812) because of impressment and land in Canada, Texas, Florida
Indian Removal Act
Trail of Tears. Under Jackson, he wanted to move the Indians westward and although John Marshall was like “this isn’t cool” Jackson ignored the Supreme Court and ordered the army to listen to him.
Daniel Webster
Leading American statesman during the Antebellum Period; leader of the Whig Party, opposed Jackson and the Democratic Party; spokesman for modernization, banking, and industry; served in the House of Representatives, Senate, and Secretary of State for 3 presidents; successful lawyer; member of the Great Triumvirate with Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.
Trail of Tears
- forced migration of Cherokee Indians 1838–> west of Mississippi River
- 10,000 miles, many Indians died
Roger Taney
•Chief Justice, ruled against Dred Scott case
•Scott (slave) denied freedom bc even though he lived in a free state, the Supreme Court ruled that slave owners own their slaves and slaves have no right to sue in federal court
MAJOR CAUSE OF CIVIL WAR
Nicholas Biddle
- president of Second Bank of the US
* tried to get bank reinstated to expand, vetoed by Jackson
Specie Circular
- financial policy issued by Jackson, land speculation: required gold / silver for land purchases
- purpose: drain money out of national bank into “pet banks” (loyal supporters)
Panic of 1837
- Specie Circular –> devaluing bank notes
* financial crisis: ppl withdrawing money, profit, prices, & wages went down, unemployment went up
Seminole Wars
When Andrew Jackson received orders from Calhoun to stop the raids on American territory by Seminole Indians, he used it as an excuse to invade Florida and seize the Spanish forts at St. Marks and Pensacola, an operation which became known as the Seminole war. The American Government assumed responsibility for Jackson’s raid, saying that they had done what was necessary to stop threats from across the borders, and demonstrated to the Spanish that the United States could easily take Florida by force and that they might consider doing so.
Henry Clay
The Great Compromiser. Came up with the Missouri Compromise. Used John Quincy Adams as a puppet and got all of his ideas past. Helped Adams get the presidency with the corrupt bargin
John C Calhoun
He was the dude from SC who wanted to nullify the tariff of 1828 because it discriminated against the south. He basically came up with the idea of nullification
Tecumseh
A native American leader of the Shawnee who led a large tribal confederacy. Became and ally of
John Marshall
A midnight appointment of Madison. He ruled in favor of the Indians when they sued the government for the land they were almost kicked off of, but Jackson ignored Marshall’s ruling.
Judicial Review
The Supreme Court has the right to declare acts unconstitutional. MARBURY vs MADISON
