Unit 4: Period 5 Vocab Flashcards
Manifest Destiny
The 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.
Clipper Ship
American boats, built during the 1840’s in boston, that were sleek and fast but inefficient in carrying a lot of cargo or passengers. long, narrow, wooden ships with tall masts and enormous sails. unequalled in speed and were used for trade, especially for transporting perishable products from distant countries like china and between the eastern and western united states.
Matthew Perry
A Commodore of the United States Navy and commanded a number of ships. He served in several wars, most notably in the Mexican–American War and the War of 1812. He played a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West “Father of the steam navy”
Missionary
A person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country.
Nativism
US policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.
Know Nothing Party
1853 to 1856, whose aim was to keep control of the government in the hands of native-born citizens
Gold Rush
A rapid movement of people to a newly discovered goldfield. The first major gold rush, to California in 1848–49
Homestead Act
Signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862, the Homestead Act encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land. (supported by free-soil and republicans, southern democrats opposed it as they fears movement of poor southerners and european immigrants west)
Mariano Vallejo*
A California military commander, politician, and rancher. Shaped California from Mexico and helped gained their independence. Served in the first session of the California state senate.
Sand Creek Massacre
A massacre in the American Indian Wars that occurred in 1864 when Colonel J.M. Chivington’s militia attacked and destroyed a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho in southeastern Colorado Territory, killing and mutilating an estimated 70–163 Native Americans who thought they have been promised immunity
Little Big Horn
Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes vs US Army
Minstrel Shows
A popular stage entertainment featuring songs, dances, and comic dialogue in highly conventionalized patterns, usually performed by white actors in blackface. It developed in the US in the early and mid 19th century.
Compromise of 1850
- California was added as free
- End of slave trade in DC
- Fugitive Slave Act enforced
Kansas Nebraska Act
These territories would be chosen slave or free by popular sovereignty. Leads to the creation of the Republican party and Constitutional Union
Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott was a slave, therefore he had no right to sue for his freedom. The federal government basically officially said they were proslavery.
Free Soil Party
They founded their party on the idea that slavery should not be expanded to the West.
Radical Republicans
The Radical Republicans were a wing of the Republican Party organized around an uncompromising opposition to slavery before and during the Civil War and a vigorous campaign to secure rights for freed slaves during Reconstruction.
Hiram Revels
A minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, a Republican politician, and college administrator. Born free in North Carolina, he later lived and worked in Ohio, where he voted before the Civil War.
Emancipation Proclamation
Changed the focus of the war from “Let’s not let America fall apart” to “Let’s abolish slavery and save a race of people.”
Robert Smalls
An enslaved African American who, during and after the American Civil War, gained freedom and became a ship’s pilot, sea captain, and politician.
Blanche Bruce
A U.S. politician who represented Mississippi as a Republican in the U.S. Senate from 1875 to 1881; of mixed race, he was the first elected black senator to serve a full term.
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg, fought in July 1863, was a Union victory that stopped Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s second invasion of the North. More than 50,000 men fell as casualties during the 3-day battle, making it the bloodiest battle of the American Civil War.
Wilmot Proviso
Designed to eliminate slavery in the territory acquired from the Mexican- American war. Would have ignored the Missouri Compromise.
Ostend Manifesto
Basically said that we should take Cuba or fight Spain.
Stephen Austin
“Father of Texas”, got over 300 families to come to Texas. (Anglo-American party –> independent republic)
Aroostook War
Settled the boundary between Canada and the US, which was the longest unsecured border like ever.
Winfield Scott
United States army general. Unsuccessful presidential candidate for Whigs in 1852. “Old Fuss and Feathers” national hero after Mexican American war. Served as military governor of Mexico City. Lost to democrat Franklin Pierce.
John Fremont
American military officer, explorer, and the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of president of the US bought lost. Opposed slavery. Senator of California.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The US gets Texas, ends the Mexican- American War.
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
It was negotiated in response to attempts to build the Nicaragua Canal, a canal in Nicaragua that would connect the Pacific and the Atlantic. Treaty between U.S. and Great Britain agreeing that neither country would try to obtain exclusive rights to a canal across the Isthmus of Panama.
Gadsden Purchase
We paid for a little bit of land, for the specific purpose of the railroad.
Walker Expedition
William Walker, a southern adventurer, tried to take Baja California from Mexico in 1853; took Nicaragua to develop a pro slavery empire but collapsed when he was killed by Honduran authorities
Free-Soil Movement
Movement of the Free Soil Party. Wanted to keep slavery out of the West.
“Bleeding Kansas”
Popular sovereignty in Kansas made a bunch of border ruffians and other peps come to Kansas to visit Dorothy and then they decided to vote even though that was not legally savvy. Then peps fought. Including John Brown. Basically showed the failure of the KanSASS Nebraska Act
Lecompton Constitution
The second constitution drafted for Kansas Territory, was written by proslavery supporters. The document permitted slavery (Article VII), excluded free blacks from living in Kansas, and allowed only male citizens of the United States to vote.
Pottawatomie Creek
Pottawatomie Massacre, (May 24–25, 1856), murder of five men from a proslavery settlement on Pottawatomie Creek, Franklin county, Kan., U.S., by an antislavery party led by the abolitionist John Brown and composed largely of men of his family.
Popular Sovereignty
People can choose if they want slavery.
Lewis Cass
Lewis Cass was an American military officer, politician, and statesman; father of popular sovereignty. democratic senator who proposed popular sovereignty to settle the slavery question in the territories; he lost the presidential election in 1848 against zachary taylor but continued to advocate his solution to the slavery issue throughout the 1850s.
