CV

Question 1

functions of CV

Answer 1

exchange; communication; defense (inflammatory response, antibody-antigen interaction, homeostasis);

Question 2

what acts as a pressure resevoir?

Answer 2

the elastic systemic arteries

Question 3

what acts as a volume resevoir?

Answer 3

the inelastic systemic veins

Question 4

where is the site of variable resistance?

Answer 4

in the arterioles

Question 5

basic components of the CV system

Answer 5

Muscular pump (heart)
  Distribution networks (blood vessels)
  Transport medium (blood)

Question 6

general info about the muscular pump

Answer 6

located in the thoracic cavity; 4 chambers; 2 atria & 2 ventricles

Question 7

The heart is on the ventral side of the thoracic cavity, tilted to the right and in between the lungs

Answer 7

ya

Question 8

Cardiac notch

Answer 8

(indentation of the left lung next to the heart)

Question 9

what is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 9

Buildup of pericardial fluid within the pericardial sac causes a decrease in cardiac output

Question 10

what is the purpose of the fibrous rings?

Answer 10

Fibrous rings (skeleton) function as an electrical insulator, preventing the propagation of electrical impulse from atria to ventricles through contractile myocytes

Question 11

subsystems of the heart

Answer 11

i) Pacemaker & conducting systems
ii) Heart muscle (myocardium)
iii) Heart valves
iv) Coronary circulation
v) Autonomic innervation

Question 12

what is ectopic focus?

Answer 12

any part of the heart other than the SA node that generates a heart beat

Question 13

which conducting system has the slowest conducting velocity?

Answer 13

AV node– need to allow for ventricular filling; limits freq of ventricular activation

Question 14

which conducting system has the highest conducting velocity?

Answer 14

purkinje fibres; fast and coordinated ventricular contraction

Question 15

what is syncytium?

Answer 15

With intercalated disks & gap junctions, cardiac muscles can contract as an unit with a single impulse

Question 16

how are impulses conducted from the SA node to the left atrium?

Answer 16

through the interatrial pathway (Bachmann’s bundle)

Question 17

what is prolapse

Answer 17

Condition that the chordae tendineae fail and valve is pushed back into the atrium
during ventricular contraction, giving rise to ventricular regurgitation

Question 18

coronary artery originate

Answer 18

The right coronary artery originates from the right coronary orifice (sinus of Valsalva). The left coronary artery originates from the left coronary orifice and after a short course, bifurcates into the anterior interventricular artery, also known as left anterior descending artery (LAD), and circumflex artery

Question 19

how does the parasymp system modulate the heart?

Answer 19

innervates mainly atria; negatively chronotropic–decreases HR

Question 20

how does the symp system modulate the heart?

Answer 20

positively chronotropic and pos inotropic (force)

Question 21

what are the divisions of blood vessels?

Answer 21

1) Systemic circulation containing aorta, arteries, and
arterioles
2) Capillaries
3) Venous circulation including venules, veins, and vena cava

Question 22

what are the major portal system?

Answer 22

1) Blood enters into the digestive tract and later re-enters the liver
2) In kidney’s filtration systems
3) Hypothalamic-hypophyseal (pituitary) portal system
Capillary beds connected in series with each other

Question 23

why is there parallel arrangement of circulatory systems?

Answer 23

Adequate distribution of oxygenated blood into all the organs
Each organ will receive the same oxygenated arterial blood with approximately the same perfusion pressure

Question 24

Arteries are known as resistance vessels Veins are known as capacitance vessels
One of the most important functions of the blood vessels is for volume & pressure regulation

Answer 24

ya