5.6 vaccination

Question 1

what is passive immunity?

Answer 1

introduction of antibodies from outside source

Question 2

what are some examples of passive immunity?

Answer 2

anti-venom, placenta to fetus

Question 3

what is the activation time of immunity in passive immunity?

Answer 3

immediate

Question 4

what are some disadvantages about passive immunity?

Answer 4

• not replaced when broken down
• no memory cells produced -> not long-lasting

Question 5

what is natural active immunity?

Answer 5

body produces its own antibodies when infected under normal circumstances

Question 6

what is artificial active immunity?

Answer 6

antibodies are produced without suffering from disease symptoms (eg. vaccination)

Question 7

what is herd immunity?

Answer 7

sufficient amount of people in a population have been vaccinated to prevent spread of pathogen

Question 8

why is herd immunity important?

Answer 8

to protect individuals that couldn’t be vaccinated (eg. babies, ill, compromised health systems)

Question 9

what are some ethical issues about vaccines?

Answer 9

• using animals - couldn’t give consent
• risk of side effects
• risk of testing vaccines
• should be compulsory?

Question 10

• give some reasons on why vaccination might not eliminate a disease.

Answer 10

• failure to introduce immunity
• developing disease after vaccinated
• antigenic variability
• reject for religious, ethical, medical reasons