Protocols Flashcards
What are protocols?
Protocols are standards/rules that define how devices communicate.
What are the different types of protocols?
IP
TCP
HTTP
(The P stands for protocol)
What is handshaking?
Handshaking is when the client requests access, the server grants access then the protocols are agreed
What are packets?
Packets are collections of data forming part of a message
What is packet switching?
When packets are sent individually across a network. They may take different routes according to the availability and traffic conditions. The packets are then assembled to form the message. Packet switching improves reliability.
What is a TCP/IP model?
A TCP/IP model is a protocol that consists of four layers, with each layer being responsible for a small part of the communication process. Advantage is that each layer can be easily adapted for specific hardware and operating systems.
What is HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)?
Used to access and receive websites in the form of HTML files. Requires the web servers to transmit the requested pages to users browsers for viewing. HTTP’s also encrypt the information so that it can’t be understood if hacked.
What is FTP (File Transfer Protocol)?
Used to transfer files online, and moving information from the computer to the server where the website is hosted. Can be used to share/upload files.
What is SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)?
Used to send e-mail messages. Needed when using different e-mail service providers. Requires an IP port address.
What is POP3 (Post Office Protocol)?
Used for receiving e-mails. Receives and holds e-mails on the server until the user picks them up. Once the user picks up the e-mails, they are deleted off the server, and saved onto the users device.
What is SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)?
Used for network management. It is used for collecting information from, and configuring, network devices such as servers and printers on an IP network.
What is TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)?
The standard that defines how messages are broken up into packets and reassembled at the destination. Also detects errors and resend lost packets.
What is UDP (User datagram protocol)?
Same as TCP, but doesn’t check for errors.
What is IP (Internet Protocol)?
IP identifies the location of the device on the internet. Allows the data packets to reach their destination on a network. The IP address is a number that is linked to all of the the online activity from a computer on a network.
What is ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)?
ICMP is an error reporting protocol. Used to create and send error messages to the source IP address when network problems prevent delivery of IP packets.
