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461-Foundations > 14 ATI - Ergonomic Principles > Flashcards

14 ATI - Ergonomic Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Ergonomics is a science that focuses on the factors or qualities in an object’s design or use that contribute to ______, safety, efficiency, and ease of use.

A

comfort

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2
Q

Using good body mechanics when _____ and moving clients promotes safety for the client and the staff.

A

positioning

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3
Q

Before attempting to position or move a client, perform a ______. Begin with the easiest movements (ROM) and profess as long as the client ____ its (balance, gait, exercise)

A

mobility assessment

tolerates

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4
Q

_____ is the use of muscles to maintain balance, posture, and body alignment when performing a physical task.

A

Body mechanics

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5
Q

Nurses use body mechanics when providing care to clients by lifting, bending, and assisting clients with the _____.

A

activities of daily living

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6
Q

Body _____ keeps the center of gravity stable, which promotes comfort and reduces strain on the muscles.

A

alignment

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7
Q

Good body mechanics reduces the risk of injury. Whenever possible, use ______ to lift and transfer clients. Many facilities have “no manual lift” and “no solo lift” policies.

A

mechanical lift devices

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8
Q

The _____ is the center of a mass.

A

center of gravity

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9
Q

____ is a quantity of matter on which the force of gravity acts.

A

weight

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10
Q

To lift an object, it is essential to overcome the ______ of the object and to know the center of gravity of the object.

A

weight

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11
Q

When the human body is in the upright position, the center of gravity is the ____.

A

pelvis

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12
Q

When an individual moves, the center of gravity ____.

A

shifts

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13
Q

The closer the line of gravity is to the center of the base of support, the more ____ the individual is.

A

stable

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14
Q

To lower the center of gravity, bend the _____.

A

hips and knees

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15
Q

Spread your feet apart to lower your center of gravity and broaden your base of support. This results in great _____ and balance.

A

stability

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16
Q

Use the major muscle groups to prevent _____, and tighten the abdominal muscles to increase support to the back muscles.

A

back strain

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17
Q

Distribute your weight between the large muscles of the arms and legs to ____ strain on any one muscle group and to avoid strain on smaller muscles.

A

decrease

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18
Q

When lifting an object from the floor, flex your hips, knees and back. Bring the object to _____, bending your knees and keeping your back straight. Stand up while holding the object as _______ to your body, bringing the load to the center of gravity to increase stability and decrease back strain.

A

thigh level

close as possible

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19
Q

Use _____ whenever possible and seek assistance whenever you need it.

A

assistive devices

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20
Q

When pushing or pulling a load ______ your base of support

A

widen

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21
Q

When pushing or pulling a load, when the opportunity allows, pull objects toward the center of gravity rather than _____ them away.

A

pushing

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22
Q

When pushing a load, move your front foot forward and , if pulling move your rear leg back to _______.

A

promote stability

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23
Q

When pushing or pulling a load ____ the direction of movement when moving a client.

A

face

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24
Q

When pushing or pulling a load use your own body as a _____ when pushing or pulling to make the movement easier.

A

counterweight

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25
Q

Sliding, rolling, and ____ require less energy than lifting and offer less risk for injury.

A

pushing

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26
Q

Avoid _____ your thoracic spine and bending your back while your hips and knees are straight.

A

twisting

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27
Q

Have one or more staff members assist with ______ clients. Moving them ____ in bed is a significant cause of back pain and injury.

A

positioning

up

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28
Q

Plan ahead for activities that require lifting, transfer, and ______ of a client, and ask others to be available to assist.

A

ambulation

29
Q

Prepare the ______ by removing obstacles prior to the procedure prior to lifting, transferring, and ambulation. Explain the process to the client and assistants to clarify their roles.

A

environment

30
Q

Be aware that the safest way to lift a client is with _______.

A

assistive equipment

31
Q

Rest between heavy activities to decrease ________.

A

muscle fatigue

32
Q

Maintain ________ and exercise regularly to increase the strength of your arms, legs, back, and abdominal muscles, so these activities will requires less energy.

A

good posture

33
Q

Keep your head and neck in a ______with your pelvis to avoid neck flexion and hunched shoulders which can cause impingement of nerves in your neck.

A

straight line

34
Q

Use _______ when lifting and moving clients to prevent injury from sudden or jerky muscle movements.

A

smooth movements

35
Q

When standing for________ of time, flex your hips and knees by using a footrest. When sitting for long periods of time, keep your knees slightly higher than your hips.

A

long periods

36
Q

Avoid ______ movements of the hands, wrists, and shoulders. Take a break every 15 to 20 minutes to flex and stretch joints and muscles.

A

repetitive

37
Q

Avoid twisting your ____ or bending at the waist (flexion) to minimize the risk for injury.

A

spine

38
Q

________, especially those who are unable to move themselves, so that they maintain good body alignment.

A

Positioning clients

39
Q

Frequent position changes prevent discomfort, contractures, ________, and nerve and circulatory damage, and they stimulate postural reflexes and muscle tone.

A

pressure on tissues

40
Q

Use pillows, bath blankets, and hand rolls, boots, splints, trochanter rolls, _______, and other aids to maintain proper body alignment.

A

ankle support devices

41
Q

Evaluate each situation and use an algorithm to determine the _______ to transfer or move the client. Cane the client bear weight? Can she assist? Is she cooperative?

A

safest method

42
Q

Determine the client’s ability to help with _____ (balance, muscle strength, endurance, sue of a trapeze bar).

A

transfers

43
Q

Evaluate the need for _______ staff or assistive devices (transfer belt, hydraulic lift, sliding board).

A

additional

44
Q

Assess and monitor the use of ________ (canes, walkers, crutches).

A

mobility aids

45
Q

Include assistance or mobility aids in the ______ for safe transfers and ambulation.

A

plan of care

46
Q

_____ position is when the client lies supine with the head of the bed elevated 15 to 45 (typically 30)

A

semi-fowler’s

47
Q

The _____ position prevents regurgitation of enteral feedings and aspiration by clients who have difficulty swallowing.

A

semi-fowler’s

48
Q

____ position promotes lung expansion for clients who have dyspnea or are receiving mechanical ventilation.

A

semi-fowler’s

49
Q

_____ position is when the client lies supine with the head of the bed elevated 45 to 60.

A

fowler’s

50
Q

_____ position is useful during procedures such as nasogastric tube insertion and suctioning. It allows for better chest expansion and ventilation and better dependent drainage after abdominal sugeries.

A

fowler’s

51
Q

The ____ position is when the client lies supine with the head of the bed elevated to 60 to 90.

A

high-fowler’s

52
Q

The ___ position promotes lung expansion by lowering the diagphragm and thus helps relieve sever dyspnea.

A

high-fowler’s

53
Q

____ position helps prevent aspiration during meals.

A

high-fowler’s

54
Q

The _______ position when the client lies on his back with his head and shoulders elevated on a pillow and his forearms on pillows or at his side. A foot support prevents foot drop and maintains proper alignment.

A

supine or dorsal recumbent

55
Q

___ position is when the client lies flat on his abdomen and chest with his head to one side and his back in correct alignment.

A

prone

56
Q

_____ position promotes drainage from the mouth after throat or oral surgery, but inhibits chest expansion. Its for short term use only.

A

prone

57
Q

The ____ position helps prevent hip flexion contractures following a lower extremity amputation.

A

prone

58
Q

The _____ position is when the client lies on his side with most of his weight on the dependent hip and shoulder and his arms in flexion in front of this body. He should have a pillow under his head and neck, his upper arms, and his legs and thighs to maintain body alignment.

A

later or side-lying

59
Q

The _____ position is a good sleeping position, but the client needs turning regularly to prevent the development of pressure ulcers on the dependent areas. A 20 lateral position is essential for clients at risk for pressure ulcers.

A

later or side-lying

60
Q

The _____ position is when a client is on his side halfway between lateral and prone positions, with his weight on his anterior ileum, humerus, and clavicle. His lower arm is behind him while his upper arm is in front. Both legs are in flexion but the upper leg is flexed at a greater angle than the lower leg at the hip as well as at the knee.

A

sims or semi-prone

61
Q

The _____ position is a comfortable sleeping position for many clients and it promotes oral drainage.

A

sims or semi prone

62
Q

____ position is when the client sits in the bed or at the bedside with a pillow on the overbed table, which is across the client’s lap. He rests his arms on the overbed table.

A

orthopneic

63
Q

_____ position allows for chest expansion and is especially beneficial for clients who have COPD.

A

orthopneic

64
Q

The _____ position is when the entire bed is tilted with the head of the bed lower than the foot of the bed.

A

trendelenburg

65
Q

The ____ position facilitates postural drainage and venous return.

A

trendelenburg

66
Q

The _____ position is when the bed is tilted with the foot of the bed lower than the head of the bed.

A

reverse trendelenburg

67
Q

The _____ position promotes gastric emptying and prevents esophageal reflux.

A

reverse trendelenburg

68
Q

The ______ position is when the client remains flat with his legs above the level of his heart.

A

modified trendelenburg

69
Q

The _____ position helps prevent and treat hypovolemia and facilitates venous return.

A

modified trendelenburg

461-Foundations (45 decks)

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