2.3 Carbohydrates and Lipids

Question 1

What is the function and structure of monosaccharides?

Answer 1

Used for immediate energy.
contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. with ratio 1:2:1
example glucose C6H12O6, ribose C5H10O6

Question 2

What is the function and structure of disaccharides?

Answer 2

They transport energy and are created by condensation reactions.
Pairs of monosaccharides linked together
They are sugars recognised for double ring structure.

Question 3

Examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 3

Glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 4

examples o disaccharides?

Answer 4

Maltose, lactose, sucrose.

Question 5

How do you get maltose?

Answer 5

Glucose + glucose

Question 6

How do you get lactose?

Answer 6

Glucose + galactose

Question 7

How do you get sucrose?

Answer 7

Glucose + fructose.

Question 8

What is the function and structure of polysaccharides?

Answer 8

Store energy and give structural support.

Long lines of multiple monosaccharides.

Question 9

Examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 9

Cellulose, glycogen, starch

Question 10

What is cellulose made from?

Answer 10

Beta - D glucose and it is the basis for a plant cell wall.

Question 11

What is glycogen made from?

Answer 11

Alpha D glucose, used by mammals to store glucose in liber ad muscle cells. can be stored because it isn’t soluble in water and therefore can remain longer.

Question 12

What is starch made from?

Answer 12

Alpha D glucose and there are two forms

Question 13

What are the two forms of starch?

Answer 13

Amylose and Amylopectin

Question 14

What is an isomer?

Answer 14

It is when an element or molecule has the same chemical formula but different structural formula.

Question 15

What is capsaicin?

Answer 15

The substance in peppers that make them spicy.

Question 16

How do you get two different types of glucose?

Answer 16

It depends on the 1st hydrogen.

Question 17

What does mitochondria use glucose for?

Answer 17

To make ATP.

Question 18

2-deoxyribose and ribose are found where?

Answer 18

2- deoxyribose is in DNA where ribose is found in RNA.

Question 19

What are lipids?

Answer 19

They are carbon compounds that are hydrophobic.

Question 20

What are the three different types of lipids?

Answer 20

Triglycerides - 3 fatty acid tails + 1 glycerol
phospholipid - 2 fatty acid tails, 1 glycerol
steroids - cholesterol, progesterone, estrogen, testosterone

Question 21

What are the two parts to a lipid?

Answer 21

Carboxyl group - COOH

unbranched hydrocarbon - CH2, (CH20)n - CH3

Question 22

What are the two types of fatty acid?

Answer 22

saturated - carbons are connected by a single bond

unsaturated - one or more double bond between carbon atoms. These are naturally occurring and can be good for you.

Question 23

The different types of unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 23

Monounsaturated - one double bond
polyunsaturated - two or more double bonds
Cis unsaturated
trans unsaturated

Question 24

Difference between Cis and trans unsaturated?

Answer 24

Cis when hydrogen bonded to carbon on same side as double bond
trans is when hydrogen bonded to carbon on opposite side to the double bond.

Question 25

What can lipids be used for?

Answer 25

For long term energy use, energy per gram is double the amount per gram for carbohydrate.

Question 26

What is BMI?

Answer 26

Your mass in kg over your height in meters squared

Question 27

How are trans fats produced?

Answer 27

Artificially and can lead to coronary heart disease.