2.4 Proteins

Question 1

What is an amino acid?

Answer 1

There is a central carbon with 4 different atoms/groups attached.

Question 2

What are the 4 different groups attached to a carbon in an amino acid?

Answer 2

Hydrogen,
amine group - NH2
Carboxyl - COOH
R group

Question 3

How many different amino acids are there and how are they separated?

Answer 3

20 different ones and each have a different R group.

Question 4

How are amino acids linked together?

Answer 4

BY peptide bonds which from from condensation reactions

Question 5

What do important amino acids have?

Answer 5

sulphur

Question 6

What is a poly peptide?

Answer 6

an unbranched chain of amino acids.

Question 7

How many peptides have been discovered?

Answer 7

over 2 million

Question 8

What are proteins made from>

Answer 8

At least one polypeptide or more.

Question 9

What is proteome?

Answer 9

All the proteins produced by a cell, tissue or organ.

Question 10

What is determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Answer 10

how polypeptides fold up to create a globular shape?

Question 11

What is denaturation?

Answer 11

the conformation that proteins are delicate and can be damaged.

Question 12

What are two things that damage proteins?

Answer 12

Heat - causes vibrations within proteins that break intramolecular forces.
pH - causes intramolecular forces to break down.

Question 13

What is rubisco and the function of it?

Answer 13

enzyme, catalyse for photosynthesis - proving all carbon needed.

Question 14

What is insulin and the function of it?

Answer 14

Hormone, dissolved in blood and causes cells to absorb glucose and lower blood glucose concentration.

Question 15

What is immunoglobulins and the function of it?

Answer 15

antibodies, binds with antigenes, allow specific immunity against different diseases.

Question 16

What is collagen and the function of it?

Answer 16

structural protein, 3 polypeptides. in skin to prevent tearing, bones to stop from fracturing, ligaments to give strength.

Question 17

What is spider silk and the function of it?

Answer 17

structural protein. made for catching prey very strong.

Question 18

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 18

Ones that the body can not produce so and must be taken in through diet - eating/drinking.

Question 19

difference between fibrous proteins and globular proteins

Answer 19

fibrous proteins are long sheets while globular proteins are spherical.

Question 20

What gives the 3-D structure to an amino acid?

Answer 20

The sequence.