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Nutrition > Ex2 > Flashcards

Ex2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the RDA for Iron for men and woman?

A

Men-8

Woman-18

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2
Q

What is the RDA for calcium under 50 and over 50?

A

50 and under = 1000

51 and up = 1200

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3
Q

What mineral is associated with enhancing memory/learning?

A

Magnesium

L-threonate

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4
Q

Sodium balance and regulation is regulated by what?

A

Aldosterone

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5
Q

What is the RDA for vitamin D in 70 and less and 71 and up?

A

70-600

71-800

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6
Q

What food is a good goitrogens ?

A

Strawberries

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7
Q

Who is at risk of manganese toxicity?

A

Miners inhaling vapors

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8
Q

What are symptoms of manganese toxicity?

A

Liver and brain damage, memory, Parkinson’s like tremors*

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9
Q

Molybdenum is a cofactors for what?

A

Xanthine oxidase

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10
Q

Who is a risk of a selenium deficiency?

A

People living in china

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11
Q

What is the best source of selenium?

A

Brazil nuts (dependent on Soil content)

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12
Q

What is an important chelator?

A

Metallothionein (with zinc)

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13
Q

Minerals are absorbed in a ________?

A

Ionic state

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14
Q

In the American diet what 2 things are likely deficient ?

A

Calcium and iron

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15
Q

In the American diet what are 2 things that are likely insufficient?

A

Zinc magnesium

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16
Q

How much of major minerals should we get a day?

A

> 100 mg/day

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17
Q

How much of trace minerals sound we get a day?

A

1-100 mg/day

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18
Q

How much ultratrace minerals should we get a day?

A

<1 mg

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19
Q

What are the 4 trace minerals ?

A

Fe. Zn, Cu, F

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20
Q

How is calcium transported?

A

Active and passive transport

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21
Q

Where is calbindin 9k found ?

A

Small intestine

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22
Q

What is needed for calbindin 9k to be stimulated?

A

Vitamin D

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23
Q

What mineral binder is found in whole grains, seeds and nuts?

A

Phytate

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24
Q

What is a mineral binder located in legumes, spinach, rhubarb, tea, berries, nuts.

A

Oxalate

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25
Q

What decreases calcium excretion in the kidneys?

A

Calbindin 28K

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26
Q

What is the best source of calcium ?

A

Dairy

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27
Q

In what food is oxalate found?

A

Spinach

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28
Q

Where is calcium bound?

A

RER

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29
Q

What are the functions of Calcium?

A

Bone mineralization, cell signaling

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30
Q

What are symptoms of low calcium (hypocalcemia) ?

A

Tetany

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31
Q

Long term Hypocalcemia can lead to what?

A

Osteoporosis

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32
Q

What are symptoms of Hypercalcemia?

A

Fatigue, constipations, hallucinations* calcium deposits in bone

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33
Q

What are causes of hypercalcemia ?

A

Hyperparathyroidism, sarcoidosis, TB, bone cancer

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34
Q

What are the functions of phosphorus?

A

Enzyme regulation, phospholipids, ATP***

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35
Q

Where is the primary site of regulation of phosphorus?

A

The kidneys

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36
Q

High PTH increase what in urine?

A

Loss of phosphorus

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37
Q

What is a good source of phosphorous?

A

Animal products

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38
Q

What are symptoms of hypophosphatemia?

A

Arrhythmias**, reduced cardiac output, cardiac myopathy

39
Q

What can hyperphosphatemia lead to?

A

Hypocalcemia

40
Q

Increased phosphorus leads to what?

A

Decreased Ca absorption

41
Q

What mineral is a muscle relaxer?

A

Magnesium

42
Q

What mineral is a ATP stabilizer?

A

Magnesium

43
Q

Hypomagnesia results in what?

A

Muscle weakness

44
Q

Hypermagneisa results in what?

A

Slurred speech, migraines

45
Q

What mineral is a muscle relaxer?

A

Hypermagnisia

46
Q

What is given to pregnant woman to stop birth?

A

Magnesium

47
Q

What 3 minerals control fluid and electrolyte balance and nerve transduction?

A

Sodium, potassium, chloride

48
Q

Rda for sodium ?

A

1500

49
Q

What is the tolerable upper intake level for sodium?

A

2300

50
Q

Hyponatrimia leads to what?

A

Cramps

51
Q

Hypernatrimia leads to what?

A

Hypertension (increased BP)

52
Q

What are good sources of potassium ?

A

Bananas, sweet potatoes. Canalope

53
Q

When there is either to much or too little potassium (Hypocalcemia, Hypercalcemia) what should you think is a side effect?

A

Heart (arrhythmia)

54
Q

What mineral has to do with WBC?

A

Chloride (Chl)

55
Q

Heme iron is found where?

A

Animals

56
Q

Non heme iron is found where?

A

Plants

57
Q

Heme iron is absorbed via______And uses______?

A

Facilitated diffusion, HCP1

58
Q

What is done if there is iron toxicity ?

A

Blood letting ( don’t tell alcoholics to take iron)

59
Q

What is used to store iron?

A

Ferritin

60
Q

What is used to get iron out of the enterocyte?

A

Ferroportin

61
Q

What does ferroportin need?

A

Copper

62
Q

Non heme iron is absorbed via_______using?

A

Facilitated diffusion, DMT

63
Q

Ferrin reductase needs what?

A

Vit C

64
Q

If we are low in iron we need more what?

A

TRANSFERRIN

65
Q

What are the best sources of iron?

A

Wild animals

66
Q

What is a symptom of hypocromic macrocitic anemia ?

A

Small red blood cells, parlor, fatigue

67
Q

What is a good source of zinc?

A

Seafood

68
Q

What are 2 functions of zinc?

A

Folate digestion, congigase

69
Q

If we are deficient in zinc what is the symptom ?

A

Decreased ability to taste

70
Q

If we have zinc toxicity what is the symptom?

A

Metallic taste

71
Q

Toxicity of copper leads to what disease?

A

Wilsons

72
Q

What is the sign that is associated with copper toxicity. ?

A

Kayser flasier rings

73
Q

If we are difficult in copper what is the symptom ?

A

Depigmentated hair

74
Q

What disease is associated with copper deficiency?

A

Menkes syndrome ( abnormal excretion )

75
Q

What are functions of copper?

A

ATP, Lysol oxidase, SOD (mitochondria) collage

76
Q

SOD in the mitochondria requires what?

A

Copper and manganese

77
Q

What mineral is an antioxident ?

A

Selenium

78
Q

What is a good source of selineum ?

A

Brazil nuts

79
Q

What do we need selenium for

A

Glutathione peroxidase and t4 to t3

80
Q

What is Keshans?

A

Selineum diff in kids (heart problems)

81
Q

What is Kasan beck?

A

Selineum deff in kids (osteoporosis in young)

82
Q

What is toxicity in selineum ?

A

Seleneosis

83
Q

What is a symptom of selenosis ?

A

Brittle nails

84
Q

What mineral deals with insulin secretion?

A

Chromium

85
Q

A deficiency of chromium would make the person appear to be in what kind of state?

A

Type 1 diabetic

86
Q

An iodine deficiency during pregnancy leads to what?

A

Hypothyroidism in baby

87
Q

What is the toxcicty of iodine?

A

Burning mouth

88
Q

Manganese is a cofactors for what?

A

SOD in mitochondria

89
Q

Toxicity of molybdenum results in what?

A

Gout

90
Q

What mineral deals with surfer metabolism ?

A

Molybdenum

91
Q

Toxcicty of fluoride results in what 2 things>

A

Bone pitting and modeling of teeth

92
Q

Tetnay caused by Hypocalcemia can be caused by what things

A

Low vit d, hypomagneisa, low potassium, hyperphosphatemia, hypernatrimia

93
Q

Iodine toxicity can lead to ?

A

Goiter

94
Q

When you think of iodine what organ should you think of?

A

Thyroid ( t3-T4)

Nutrition (7 decks)

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