Austin Exam 2 Deck

Question 1

Micro minerals are found in better food sources in plant or animal?

Answer 1

Animal, especially seafood

Only exception: manganese

Question 2

How is heme iron absorbed?

Answer 2

Using the “heme carrier protein 1” (hcp1)

Question 3

Where do we get nonheme iron

Answer 3

Plants and supplements

Question 4

What is required for non heme iron to reduce in the SI

Answer 4

Vitamin C

Absorbed using generic divalent mineral transporter

Question 5

Heme iron needs what in order to digest in SI

Answer 5

Pepsin and proteases

Question 6

Heme iron is absorbed via what process

Answer 6

Facilitated diffusion

Using hcp1

Question 7

Heme Iron is released inside the enterocyte by

Answer 7

Heme oxygenase

Question 8

Non heme iron digestion requires ferrirductase which changes

Answer 8

Ferric to ferrous

Ferrous is soluble at basic ph but ferric cant be absorbed

Question 9

Ferrous iron aka nonheme iron is absorbed via

Answer 9

Facilitated diffusion

Question 10

Since iron is extremely reactive it must be bound to

Answer 10

Ferritin in the enterocyte

Question 11

Fe 2 is changed to Fe3 via

Answer 11

Ferroportin, transports iron across the basolateral membrane

NEED COPPER FOR THIS

Question 12

Where is iron stored

Answer 12

Liver, spleen, bone marrow

Iron + ferritin= iron stores

Question 13

What are the three iron binding proteins

Answer 13

Ferritin- liver, SI, spleen, bone marrow

Ferroportin- SI

Transferrin- plasma

Question 14

Hepcidin is a hormone produced by

Answer 14

The liver

Question 15

Hepcidin does what

Answer 15

Binds to ferroportin, preventing transport of iron across the basolateral membrane

INflammtory conditions decreases iron absorption

Question 16

When iron stores are low what is more prevalent ferritin or transferrin?

Answer 16

Transferrin- take it out of SI and take it where needed

When iron stores high- ferritin MC to keep it in the SI

Question 17

Where is the most iron excretion occur

Answer 17

GI tract .6mg

Then blood loss .45 mg

Bile .15 mg

Question 18

What is an iron-dependent enzyme

Answer 18

Tryptophan pyrolase

Which oxidation of tryptophan

Question 19

What are the three heme enzymes

Answer 19

Cytochromes

Cytochrome P-450

Catalase

Question 20

Peroxide ezymes that require iron are

Answer 20

Catalase (CAT)

Myeloperoxidase

Both found in peroxisomes of cell and WBC

Question 21

Iron deficiency can lead to what in the brain

Answer 21

Decreased cognition and behavioral issues

Excess- lead to oxidation causing dementia

Question 22

What is the iron RDA

Answer 22

Men - 8mg/day

Women- 18 mg/ day

Question 23

What is the largest sources of iron in the U.S.

Answer 23

Iron fortified breakfast cereal

Question 24

True or false

Iron deficiency can be found with and without anemia?

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

What is the mc nutritional deficiency in the U.S.

Answer 25

Iron

Infants, adolescent girls, females of childbearing age and pregnant women most at risk