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My AP Psychology > Unit 9 Development > Flashcards

Unit 9 Development Flashcards

1
Q

Tell me about chromosomes

A

Born with 23 pairs (46 total)
23rd pair= sex
Y= boy
X= girl

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2
Q

DNA

A

strand of chain on each chromosome

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3
Q

M/F sex hormones

A

Estrogen- female

Testosterone- male

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4
Q

Androgyny

A

M/F combo, masculine and feminine characteristics

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5
Q

Gender identity

A

Perceived understanding of whether identified as male or female

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6
Q

Social learning with example

A

Observe and follow what it means to be male and female

Ex: baby gender reveal (blue vs pink), barbies

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7
Q

Gender schema

A

Created by culture, passed down

Ex: what’s okay for M/F (boys don’t cry)

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8
Q

Teratogens

A

Toxins enter the body/are ingested that affects fetus

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9
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Drinking while pregnant

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10
Q

Imprinting

A

Konrad Lorenz- infant animals follow what is familiar to them

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11
Q

Critical period of language hypothesis

A

From age 5-> puberty is period to learn language

- If not then plasticity of that area lost (crystallizes/hard to modify)

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12
Q

Habituation

A

Decreased response to repeated stimuli (ex: newborn seeing lights)

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13
Q

Plasticity

A

Brains ability to adapt to new environmental conditions

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14
Q

Attachment studies

A

Harry Harlow- monkeys

Attachment to comfort or nourishment?

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15
Q

Schema

A

Concept of organizing ideas

- pre-learned, organized items we know (ex: animals and noises)

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16
Q

Assimilation

A

Place unknown item into already retained schema

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17
Q

Accommodate

A

Alter/expand schema (ex: types of dogs)

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18
Q

Piaget’s Cognitive development stages

A

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, formal operational

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19
Q

Sensorimotor

A

(0-18mon) stranger anxiety and object permanence

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20
Q

Object permanence

A

Lack of understanding of things being permanent

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21
Q

Preoperational

A

Form organized thought

-pretend play, egocentrism

22
Q

Egocentrism

A

Can only see from ones viewpoint

23
Q

Concrete operational

A

Organization (ex: by color), conservation

24
Q

Conservation

A

Principles of item can change but not volume or amount (ex: same juice, different glass)

25
Q

Formal operational

A

Think of more than what’s in front of you

- abstract thought, complex math functions

26
Q

Baumrind

A

Theory on parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, neglectful)

27
Q

Authoritative

A

Ideal, responsive, caring

28
Q

Authoritarian

A

Unresponsive, demanding

29
Q

Permissive

A

Responsive, undemanding

30
Q

Neglectful

A

Unresponsive, undemanding

31
Q

Kohlberg

A

Moral ladder

- pre conventional, conventional, post conventional

32
Q

Pre conventional (2 stages)

A

Punishment and obedience

Pleasure-seeking

33
Q

Conventional (2 stages)

A

Approval-seeking

Law and order

34
Q

Post conventional

A

Social contract

Universal moral principle

35
Q

Carol Gilligan

A

Student of Kohlberg
Created moral development for women
- ethics of caring

36
Q

List Erikson’s 8 stages of social development

A 
Trust v mistrust
Autonomy v doubt
Initiative v guilt
Competence v inferiority 
Identity v role confusion 
Intimacy v isolation 
Generativity v stagnation 
Integrity v despair
37
Q

Cross sectional study

A

Different people from different ages studied in the same manner

38
Q

Longitudinally

A

Study the same people through their developmental stages (lifelong)

39
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Ability to reason fast (decreases with age)

40
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

41
Q

Menarche

A

Girls first menstrual cycle

42
Q

Menopause

A

Woman’s last cycle, no longer able to reproduce

43
Q

Kübler Ross

A 
Death/dying theory (stages of grief)
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Sadness
Acceptance
44
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible

45
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair

46
Q

Theory of mind

A

people’s idea about their own and others’ mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts

47
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

Language acquisition device

- all born with innate ability to learn language from parents

48
Q

Rooting reflex

A

Make sucking motion with mouth when cheeks touch bare skin (breast feeding instinct)

49
Q

Temperament

A

person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

50
Q

Zygote

A

fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

51
Q

Embryo

A

developing human organism from 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

52
Q

Fetus

A

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

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