Lung cancer lecture 1 deck 1

Question 1

what are the effects of tobacco smoke?

Answer 1

• epithelial effects
• multi-hit theory of carcinogenesis
• host activation of pro-carcinogens

Question 2

what is the multi-hit theory of carcinogenesis?

Answer 2

cancer is the result of accumulated mutations to a cell’s DNA

Question 3

what affects metabolism of pro-carcinogens, ultimately enhancing tobacco’s ability to activate the host’s pro-carcinogens?

Answer 3

inherited polymorphism

Question 4

what other inherited factor increases the chances of host activation of pro-carcinogens?

Answer 4

predisposition to nicotine addiction due to inherited polymorphism

Question 5

what are the two main pathways of carcinogenesis in the lung?

Answer 5

lung periphery and central lung airways

Question 6

what happens in the lung periphery?

Answer 6

bronchioalveolar epithelial stem cells transform

Question 7

what is a cancer in the lung periphery called?

Answer 7

adenocarcinoma

Question 8

what happens in the lung’s central airways?

Answer 8

bronchial epithelial stem cells transform

Question 9

what is a cancer in the lung’s central airways called?

Answer 9

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 10

is the transformation process between a squamous dysplasia and an invasive bronchogenic carcinoma is strongly associated with smoking?

Answer 10

yes, strongly

Question 11

is the transformation process between a atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and an invasive adenocarcinoma carcinoma is strongly associated with smoking?

Answer 11

yes, less strongly, sequence also occurs in non-smokers

Question 12

which oncogene is induced by smoking? (KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, HER2, ALK rearrangements)

Answer 12

KRAS

Question 13

which oncogenes are not related to tobacco carcinogenesis?

Answer 13

EGFR, BRAF, HER2, ALK rearrangements