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Patho > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

Hypoventilation involves what

A

High paCO2, 02 close to normal

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2
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low 02 tension. Results in hypoxia

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3
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low 02 content

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4
Q

Clubbing due to

A

Chronic hypoxemia

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5
Q

Mechanisms of atelectasis

A

Compression or absorption (obstructed airway)

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6
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Chronic abnormal dilation of bronchi

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7
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Inflammatory obstruction of bronchioles

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8
Q

Transudative pleural effusion

A

Low protein content, usually due to heart failure/systemic issue. No cells or protein

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9
Q

Exudative pleural effusion

A

Transudate with protein, local inflammation

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10
Q

Restrictive lung diseases

A

ARDS, pulmonary fibrosis, spinal cord damage

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11
Q

Restrictive pulm disorders

What happens to levels
Examples

A

Decreased FVC. Ratio same.

Pulmonary fibrosis, ARDS, pneumonia, inhalation disorders

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12
Q

Obstructive pulm disorders

Values
Ex

A

Decreased FEV1 and decreased ratio

Asthma, COPD, emphysema, chronic bronchitis

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13
Q

Restrictive lung disease

Reduction in

A 
TLC 
FRC
RV
VC (normal >70 ml/kg)
FEV1
FVC
Exhaled volume
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14
Q

Restrictive lung disease

No change in

A

Expiratory flow rates

FEV1/FVC ratio

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15
Q

Restrictive diseases

Acute intrinsic
Chronic intrinsic
Chronic extrinsic

A

Pulmonary edema (ARDS)

Diseased lung parenchyma- fibrosis

Spinal cord/chest wall/abdominal diseases

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16
Q

Clinical signs aspiration pneumonia is

A

Increased permeability pulm edema and atelectasis

Tachypnea, hypoxia, bronchospasm, pulm vascular constriction leading to pulm htn, cx ray changes usually right lower lobe 6-12h later

17
Q

Treatment of aspiration pneumonia is

A 
Increase 02 
Peep 
B2 agonists (bronchospasm)
Lavage 5 mls NS 
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy if solid aspiration material 
Abx/steroids
18
Q

Cardiogenic pulm edema

Signs

A

Inc SNS activation

Extreme dyspnea 
Tachypnea 
HTN 
Tachycardia 
Diaphoresis
19
Q

Neurogenic pulmonary edema

Cause/effect

A

Damage to medulla. SNS discharge in response

Generalized vasoconstriction, volume shift into pulm vessels, injury/transudate into lung parenchyma and alveoli

20
Q

Tx neurogenic pulm edema

A 
Control ICP
Inc fi02
Peep 
NO diuretics 
Supportive tx
21
Q

Re expansion pulmonary edema

What happens

A

Enhanced capillary membrane permeability. Commonly after evac of pneumo or pleural effusion. More common inf >1l from space, >24h duration of collapse, and if re-expansion is rapid

No diuretics

Patho (11 decks)

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