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Patho > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Decreased hypothalamic func leads to dec what 5 things

A

GnRH, TRH, CRH, PIF, GHRH

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2
Q

Dec stim from hypothalamus leads to dec of what things from ant pit (6)

A

FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, prolactin, GH

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3
Q

Posterior pituitary syndromes 3

A

SIADH, DI, oxytocin deficiency

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4
Q

Types of pituitary adenomas 5

A

Prolactinoma, GH adenoma, ACTH adenoma, gonadotroph adenoma, TSH cell adenoma

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5
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones synthesized where

A

W binding proteins in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

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6
Q

Post put hormones 2

A

ADH and oxytocin

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7
Q

Diseases of ant pituitary

A

Hypo: pit infarct from sheehans, hemorrhage, shock
Panhypopit: cell destroying tumors, def of acth, tsh, fsh, lh, gh
Head trauma, infec, tumors

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8
Q

What is ant hyperpituitism due to

A

Benign and slow growing adenoma

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9
Q

Manifestations of ant pit hyperpituitarism

A

HA, fatigue, visual changes, hyposec of neighboring ant pit hormones

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10
Q

Panhypopituitarism in adults 3 effects, 3 cm

A

Hypothyroidism, depressed cortisol production, suppressed production of sex hormones. Lethargic, wt gain, lose sex func

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11
Q

Causes of hyperthyroidism 4

A

Graves, hyperfunc adenoma, TSH cell adenoma, iatrogenic

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12
Q

Causes of elevated tsh, T3, and t4 2

A

Excess tsh production from pit adenoma secreting tsh or ectopic tsh production

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13
Q

Causes of elevated tsh and dec T3/4 2

A

Thyroid dysfunc: hasimotos, iodide deficiency

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14
Q

Causes of dec tsh and elevated T3/4

A

Thyroxine produc not under control of tsh: graves, toxic goiter, thyroxine secreting thyroid cancer

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15
Q

Causes of dec tsh and dec T3/4

A

Pit dysfunction: panhypopituitarism, null cell adenoma, sheehans syndrome

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16
Q

What happens in graves

A

Antibodies: thyroid stim globulins, bind same receptors that bind tsh. Induce continual activ of camp. Longer 1/2 time than tsh

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17
Q

Immune response in hashimotos

A

Thyroid specific CD4 and helper T cells induce the cellular (cd8 and cytotoxic T cell) and humoral (antibody sec B cells). Cyt t destroy parenchyma and B cells sec anti tsh receptor

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18
Q

Myxedema what happens

A

Almost total lack of thyroid hormone. Inc in chondroitin and hyaluronic acid causing interstitial fluid to inc and cause edema

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19
Q

Cretinism, what it is and caused by

A

Hypothyroidism in fetal life, infancy, or childhood. Lack of gland, thyroid hormone, and/or iodine. Skel growth more stunted than sot tissue, obese and disprop growth

20
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Excess sec of pth from 1 or more parathyroid glands

21
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Inc in pth secondary to chronic disease

22
Q

Hypoparathyroidism cause

A

Parathyroid damage in thyroid surgery

23
Q

Primary and secondary hyoerparathyroidism caused by

A

1- adenoma or hyperplasia

2- low ca or high phosphate

24
Q

S/s of parathyroid disease

A

Hyper/hypocalcemia, kidney stones, heart burn/PUD, abd pain, NV, appetite loss, bone thinning, fractures, poor memory, weakness, fatigue

25
Q

What happens hypoparathyroidism 3 and tx

A

Osteoclasts become inactive, dec ca levels, tenany in small muscles and larynx. PTH and vit d

26
Q

What is secreted by zona glomerulosa

A

Mineralcorticoids, aldosterone. Inc na pump, RAA

27
Q

What is sec by zona fasciculata

A

Glucocorticoid, acth. Inc bg, anti inflammatory, growth suppressing. Inf awareness and sleep habits. Cortisol

28
Q

What is sec by zona reticularis

A

Estrogens and androgens

29
Q

What is sec by adrenal medulla

A

Chromaffin cells sec epi and norepi

30
Q

What causes hypercorticalism 3

A

Cushing syndrome. Primary- pituitary tumor. Adrenal- tumor. Paraneoplastic- acth secreting tumor outside of pit

31
Q

What causes hyperaldosteronism

A

Conns syndrome. Primary- too much ald. Second- too much renin.

32
Q

What causes adrenogenital syndrome

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- defective enzyme. Adrenocortical neoplasms

33
Q

What causes adrenal hypofunction

A

Addisons, chronic

34
Q

Cushing

Most common cause, does what to body

A

Excess ACTH. Inc bg, protein catabolism- muscle wasting, mobiliz of fat from lower to upper body

35
Q

Tx Cushing

A

Reduce steroids, surgery, radiation, medical therapy to block specific enzymes

36
Q

Conns disease. Cause, what happens

A

Primary aldosteronism, tumors in zona glomerulosa. Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, inc ECF and blood vol, htn

37
Q

Disorders of adrenal cortex leads to

A

Feminization in men and viriliation in women. Hypersecretion of adrenal androgens and estrogens

38
Q

Addisons 2 causes and decreases what

A

Primary atrophy and injury to adrenal vortices. Dec aldosterone and cortisol

39
Q

Dec aldosterone leads to

A

Depletion of ECF, dec na, bp, and co, hyperkalemia, mild acidosis

40
Q

Dec cortisol leads to

A

Can’t maintain bg, cant mobilize fat and proteins, dec metabolic function, dec ability to respond to stressors

41
Q

Addisons symptoms

A

Weakness, wt loss, dec appetite, dark skin, low bp, crave salt, low bg, nvd, irrit, depression

42
Q

Addisons tx

A

Hrt- steroids, dhea, etc

43
Q

Cushing symptoms

A

Wt gain, weakness, round face, flushing, buffalo hump, stretch marks, thin skin, slow healing, depression, facial hair, acne, irregular menstrual bleeding, ED, high bp

44
Q

Pheochromocytoma symptoms

A

Rapid HR, irregular hr, palpitations, excessive sweating, CP, upper abd pain, HA, shaking hands, anxiety, pale skin, high BP q

45
Q

Tx pheochromocytoma

A

Alpha then beta blockers, surgery

Patho (11 decks)

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