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Botanical Materia Medica I > Week 4 - Immunostimulants and Immunomodulators > Flashcards

Week 4 - Immunostimulants and Immunomodulators Flashcards

1
Q

Immunostimulants - Definition

A
  • Agents that increase the activity of the immune system
  • Used to fortify the body’s response to invasion by a pathogen
  • Mechanisms include increased phagocytosis, increased production of white blood cells, and moderation of various cytokines
  • Many are heating, stimulating, and drying
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2
Q

Immunostimulant Herbs

A
  • Echinacea spp (Cone Flower)
  • Eupatorium perfoliatum (Bone Set)
  • Sambucus nigra (Elderberry)
  • Baptisia tinctora (Wild Indigo)
  • Allium sativa (Garlic)
  • Spilanthes acmella
  • Usnea barbata
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3
Q

Immunomodulators - Definition

A
  • Agents that have a tonifying effect on the immune system
  • Gradual in their action
  • Can fortify the immune system without overstimulation
  • Also known to “cool” or downregulate immune hyperfunction
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4
Q

Immunomodulator Herbs

A
  • Astragalus membranaceus
  • Trametes versicolor (Turkey Tail)
  • Grifola frondosa (Maitake)
  • Glycyrrhiza spp
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5
Q

Echinacea spp. - Family

A
  • Asteracae
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6
Q

Echinacea spp. - Parts Used

A
  • Root
  • Rhizome
  • Whole plant
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7
Q

Echinacea spp. - Energetics

A
  • Cooling
  • Drying
  • Stimulating
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8
Q

Echinacea spp. - Indications

A
  • Infection
  • Sepsis
  • Pharyngitis
  • Prevention of upper respiratory infections
  • Snake bites
  • Ulcers
  • Immunostimulator
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9
Q

Echinacea spp. - Contraindications

A
  • Avoid use in inflammatory autoimmune diseases
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10
Q

Echinacea purpurea - Specific Medicinal Uses

A
  • Compared to Stillingia with lymphagogue properties

- Shown to be most active in its immune stimulating properties in a 30% alcohol tincture

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11
Q

Echinacea angustifolia - Specific Medicinal Uses

A
  • Eclectics valued it most for septicemia

- 80% alcohol tincture

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12
Q

Echinacea pallida - Specific Medicinal Uses

A
  • Use the root for supportive therapy in influenza infection
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13
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum - Family

A
  • Asteraceae
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14
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum - Parts Used

A
  • Aerial part in bud or flower
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15
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum - Energetics

A
  • Cooling
  • Drying
  • Earthy
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16
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum - Indications

A
  • Flu-like illnesses with pain that sets into the bone
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17
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum - Contraindications

A
  • Allergic hypersensitivity resulting in contact dermatitis

- Pregnancy

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18
Q

*Astragalus membranaceus - Family

A
  • Fabaceae
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19
Q

*Astragalus membranaceus - Parts Used

A
  • Root
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20
Q

*Astragalus membranaceus - Energetics

A
  • Mildly warming
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21
Q

*Astragalus membranaceus - Indications

A
  • Low vitality
  • Prone to infections
  • Weak tissues
  • Poor digestion
  • Good for children
22
Q

*Astragalus membranaceus - Contraindications

A
  • May be inappropriate in autoimmune conditions due to immuno-stimulating polysaccharides
  • Antagonized cyclosphosphamide (drug used to prevent transplant rejection and in lymphomas and leukemias) - don’t use together
23
Q

Sambucus nigra - Family

A
  • Caprifoliaceae
24
Q

Sambucus nigra - Parts Used

A
  • Flower

- Berry

25
Q

Sambucus nigra - Energetics

A
  • Relaxing
26
Q

Sambucus nigra - Indications

A
  • Influenza
  • Colds
  • Cough
27
Q

Sambucus nigra - Contraindications

A
  • The unripe fruit, seeds, bark, leaves, and root can cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, tachycardia, and convulsions
28
Q

Baptisia tinctora - Family

A

Fabaceae

29
Q

Baptisia tinctora - Parts Used

A
  • Root
30
Q

Baptisia tinctora - Energetics

A
  • Cooling
31
Q

Baptisia tinctora - Indications

A
  • Infections
  • Protracted fever with severely depressed vital force
  • Ulceration of tissue
32
Q

Baptisia tinctora - Contraindications

A
  • Pregnancy
33
Q

Baptisia tinctora - Toxicity

A
  • Large doses are toxic due to phenolic glycosides and alkaloids
  • 30g induces signs of toxicity
34
Q

> Andrographis paniculata - Family

A
  • Acanthaceae
35
Q

> Andrographis paniculata - Parts Used

A
  • Aerial parts
36
Q

> Andrographis paniculata - Indications

A
  • Upper respiratory infections
  • Dysentery
  • Gripe of infancy
  • Snake bites (topically)
37
Q

> Andrographis paniculata - Contraindications

A
  • Pregnancy
38
Q

> Andrographis paniculata - Other

A
  • CM: clears and relieves fire toxicity, dries dampness
39
Q

*Trametes versicolor - Family

A
  • Polyporaceae
40
Q

*Trametes versicolor - Parts Used

A
  • Fruiting body
41
Q

*Trametes versicolor - Energetics

A
  • Sweet
  • Warming
  • Clears dampness
42
Q

*Trametes versicolor - Indications

A
  • Taken with chemotherapy to decrease side effects and provide immune support
  • Stabilizes WBC count
43
Q

*Trametes versicolor - Contraindications

A
  • Unknown effects in pregnancy and lactation
44
Q

*Grifola frondosa - Family

A
  • Meripilaceae
45
Q

Grifola frondosa - Parts Used

A
  • Fruiting body
46
Q

Grifola frondosa - Energetics

A
  • Bland

- Mild

47
Q

Grifola frondosa - Indications

A
  • Immune support during chemotherapy
  • Cancer prevention
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension
48
Q

> Ganoderma lucidum - Family

A
  • Ganodermataceae
49
Q

> Ganoderma lucidum - Parts Used

A
  • Fruiting body
50
Q

> Ganoderma lucidum - Indications

A
  • Used in cancer treatment to increase immune function
  • Helps treat fatigue
  • Hypertension
  • Immune deficiency
  • Insomnia
  • Hepatitis
51
Q

> Ganoderma lucidum - Contraindications

A
  • Potential allergy to spores

Botanical Materia Medica I (17 decks)

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