Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systems 2: Cardiovascular > Pathophysiology of Thrombosis and Embolism > Flashcards

Pathophysiology of Thrombosis and Embolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atheroma that has ruptured and formed a clot known as?

A
  • Complicated atheroma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is normal blood flow said to be?

A

Laminar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does laminar blood flow mean?

A
  • Blood cells travel through the middle of the vessel - Plasma travels along the sides - All constituents of the fluid travel at the same speed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is stasis blood flow?

A

An abnormal flow where the blood becomes stagnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is turbulent blood flow?

A
  • Loss of laminar flow causing “whirpooling” - Forceful and unpredictable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Virchow’s triad?

A

If one of them change then vascular disease can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three aspects of Virchow’s triad?

A
  • Changes in blood vessel wall - Changes in the blood constituents - Changes in the pattern of blood flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can arise from Virchow’s triad being altered?

A
  • Thrombosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between thrombosis and clot?

A
  • Thrombosis occurs in the body during life - Clot occurs either outside the body or during death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give an example of changes in the blood vessel wall that can lead to thrombosis

A

Atheromatous coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the constituents of the normal arterial wall?

A
  • Tunica intima - Tunica media - Tunica adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pathogenesis of thrombosis?

A
  • Endothelial injury - Stasis or turbulent blood flow - Hypercoagulability of the blood These three are virchow’s triad
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Study the atheroma pathology diagram

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the order of pathology of a thrombus?

A
  • Atheromatous coronary artery
  • Causes turbulent blood flow leading to fibrin deposition and platelet clumping
  • Intimal cells lost
  • Collagen below intima is exposed, platelets activated and adhere
  • Further turbelence and more platelet deposition
  • Propegation occurs and thrombus breaks off becoming an embolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does hypercholesterolaemia follow Virchow’s triad in leaving to a thrombus

A
  • Thrombus usually superimposed on atheroma after blood vessel wall is altered
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Histologically, how are thrombi laid down?

A
  • Lines of Zhan
  • Platelets below fibrin below RBCs etc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are examples of changes in the blood constituents that may lead to thrombus?

A
  • Hyperviscosity
  • Post traumatic hypercoagulability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When can stasis of blood flow occur?

A
  • On long haul flights without movement
  • Post operative
20
Q

What conditions can lead to turbulent flow?

A
  • Atheromatous plaque
  • Aortic aneurysm
21
Q

What are the depending factors on the consequences of a thrombosis?

A
  • Site
  • Extent
  • Collateral circulation
22
Q

What are the outcomes of a thrombosis?

A
  • Resolution
  • Complication
  • Death
23
Q

What is meant by the resolution of a thrombus?

A
  • Orginisation/recanalisation of the vessel occurs
24
Q

What typically causes death from a thrombus?

A
  • If it becomes an embolism and moves to a vital organ
25
Q

What is the definition of an embolism?

A
  • Movement of abnormal material in the bloodstream and its impaction in a vessel, blocking its lumen
26
Q

What can cause an embolus?

A
  • Any intravascular solid liquid or gas
27
Q

What are emboli from thrombi known as?

A

Thromboembolism

28
Q

What are the common sources of ARTERIAL thromboembolus?

A
  • Mural thrombus
  • Aortic aneurysm
  • Atheromatous plaques
  • Valvular vegetations
29
Q

What is associated with a mural thrombus

A
  • MI
  • Left atrial dilatation
  • AF
30
Q

What are the common areas of spread of a thromboembolus?

A
  • Lower limbs
  • Brain
  • Other organs with high blood demand
31
Q

What do consequences of an embolus depend on?

A
  • Vulnerability of tissue it’s lodged in to ichaemia
  • Size of occluded vessel and how high up it is (collateral circulation)
32
Q

What usually occurs as a result of a lodged thromoembolus?

A

Infarction

33
Q

Where do venous thromboemboli originate from

A

DVT’s

34
Q

Where do venous thromboemboli travel to?

A
  • Pulmonary arterial circulation
  • May occlude pulmonary artery
35
Q

What type of embolus occludes the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery

A

Saddle embolus

36
Q

What do the consequences of a PE rely on?

A

Size of embolus

37
Q

What types of PE’s are there?

A
  • Silent (asymptomatic)
  • Pulmonary haemorrhage/infarction
  • right heart failure
  • Sudden death
38
Q

What occurs from multiple PE’s over time?

A
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • RV failure
39
Q

What are the risk factors for a venous thromboembolism?

A
  • Cardiac failure
  • Severe trauma
  • Post op
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Contraceptive pill
  • Old age
  • Bed rest
  • Obesity
  • PMH of DVT
40
Q

When do fat emboli occur most commonly?

A

After major fractures

41
Q

What is an example of a gas emboli causing condition?

A

Decompression sickness

  • N2 forms as bubbles which lodge in capillaries
42
Q

When do air emboli most commonly occur?

A
  • Head and neck wounds
  • Surgery
  • CV lines
43
Q

What type of emboli can be a result of pregnancy?

A
  • Trophoblast embolus
44
Q

During what condition can septic material act as an embolus?

A
  • Infective endocarditis
45
Q

What other types of rare embolus are there?

A
  • Amniotic fluid
  • Bone marrow
  • Foreign bodies
  • Tumour

Systems 2: Cardiovascular (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions