General Pathology of Infectious Disease 1

Question 1

pathogens types listed from small to large

Answer 1

prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths

Question 2

what are prions composed of?

Answer 2

only a modified host protein

Question 3

prions can cause what disease

Answer 3

spongiform encephalopathies (Kuru, Creutzfeld-Jakob, Bonvine spongiform encephalopathy)

Question 4

which prion causing disease can be passed via corneal transplant?

Answer 4

Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease

Question 5

what is unique about fungi cell walls?

Answer 5

they are thick and are not dissolvable in KOH

Question 6

list of protozoal parasites?

Answer 6

• tricomonas (vaginitis)
• giardia and entamoeba (intestinal)
• plasmodium (malaria, vector)
• toxaplasma (undercooked meat, cat feces)

Question 7

description of helminths

Answer 7

parasitic worms that are highly differentiated multicellular organisms

Question 8

round worm helminths are

Answer 8

nematodes- usually interstitial

ascaris, pinworms- common in infants

Question 9

flat worm helminths are

Answer 9

cestodes (pork and beef tapeworms)

Question 10

fluke helminths are

Answer 10

trematodes

schistosomes

Question 11

examples of ectoparasites

Answer 11

• insects (lice, fleas)
• mites (scabies, tics)
• vectors (for disease spreading)

Question 12

what are the most common viruses associated with “colds”

Answer 12

rhinoviruses and coronavirus

Question 13

what virus has a very diverse clinical syndromes

Answer 13

adenovirus

Question 14

what does parainfluenza infection cause?

Answer 14

mild croup in children, cough in adults

acute pneumonitis with a barking cough in children

Question 15

how can croup be distinguished diagnostically?

Answer 15

using an anterior/posterior X ray of the tracheal area would show a classic steeple sign (narrowing of tracheal airway)

Question 16

epiglottis is a severe croup like illness caused by:

Answer 16

heamophilus influenzae type B (HIB)

Question 17

how can epiglottis be distinguished diagnostically?

Answer 17

lateral x-ray of epiglottis showing enlarged epiglottis (thumb sign), trachea narrows much more and in broader distribution

Question 18

the most common cause of bronchitis and pneumonia that lead to hospitalizations in children is caused by:

Answer 18

respiratory syncytial virus

Question 19

only parvovirus that is pathogenic in humans is

Answer 19

parvovirus B19

Question 20

parvovirus B19 causes the childhood disease known as

Answer 20

erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Question 21

parvovirus B19 infects what types of cells? what can this lead to?

Answer 21

infects erythroid precursor cells that lead to transient anemia

Question 22

about 1/2 of the gastrointestinal hospitalizations in children are from:

Answer 22

rotavirus

Question 23

gastrointestinal viruses that affect adults more are:

Answer 23

caliciviruses and Norwalk viruses