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Zoology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

George Cuvier

A

Extinction

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2
Q

Jean-Baptiste Lanarck

A

Change over time

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3
Q

Order of classification

A

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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4
Q

Linnaeus

A

Created hierarchical classification system

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5
Q

Problem with classification system

A

Ranks are arbitrary and not biologically significant

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6
Q

Cutaneous respirators

A

Animals that diffuse gases across their skin using epithelium
-sponges, cnidarians, amphibians

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7
Q

Types of gills or branchia

A
  • external gills and parapodia
  • dermal papulae (sea stars)
  • internal gills
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8
Q

Trachea

A

System of branched tubes that transport air to pockets of cells

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9
Q

Spiracles

A

External valves that regulate air intake and water loss

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10
Q

Lungs

A

Highly vascularized cavity where air is circulated

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11
Q

Advantage of 4 chambered heart

A

Prevents mixing of systemic and pulmonary circuit blood

-mammals and birds

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12
Q

Circulatory system

A
  1. Delivery of nutrients, oxygen, hormones, etc

2. Removal of metabolic wastes

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13
Q

Respiratory System

A
  1. Uptake of oxygen from environment

2. Release of CO2 wastes into environment

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14
Q

Open circulatory system

A
  • most common
  • blood circulates in hemocoel
  • baffles and septa direct flow
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15
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Blood travels through vessels that deliver and remove materials to cells

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16
Q

System of travel away from heart

A

Arteries - arterioles - capillaries

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17
Q

System of travel back to heart

A

Capillaries - venules - veins

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18
Q

Double circulatory system

A
  • developed b/c of low blood pressure from single CS
  • pulmonary and systemic circuit
  • can mix oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
19
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Heart to lungs or gills

20
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Heart to body tissues

21
Q

Myelin sheath is produced by?

A

Glial cells

22
Q

Nerve net

A

Network of neurons and sensory structure w/out a centralized control center

23
Q

Bilateral nervous system

A

Nervous tissue divided into peripheral and central nervous system

24
Q

Cephalization

A

Building up neurons and sensory structures in to head/anterior

25
Q

Encephalization

A

Extreme cephalization of verts.

Lead to increased brain complexity

26
Q

Sensory ns

A
  • afferent

- connected to receptors & internal and external sensory structures

27
Q

Motor ns

A
  • efferent

- connected to effectors (muscles and glands)

28
Q

chemoreceptors

A

taste and smell

oldest sense in the animal kingdom

29
Q

what chemoreceptors are used for

A

chemotaxis-orientation relative to chem cues

find food, select mate, establish territories

30
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

sensing forces

touch, pressure, pain, sound, vibrations

31
Q

Neuromast

A

of the lateral line system in fish

detect vibrations in water or weak electrical fields

32
Q

statocysts

A

sense movement of hard floating objects or internal fluid relative to position of sensory hair cells

33
Q

Species

A

real, not arbitrary

the basic unit used to describe a different kind of organism

34
Q

What is a species name made of

A
  1. Genus

2. species epithet

35
Q

Synapomorphy

A

shared, derived trait

36
Q

Types of locomotion of Protozoans

A
  • pseudopodia-amoebid movement
  • cilia
  • flagella
37
Q

Isogamy

A

gametes are same size

38
Q

Anisogomy

A

gametes are different sizes

39
Q

Conjugation

A

exchange of genetic material between individuals

40
Q

Cyst Formation

A

formation of a dormant form to protect them from harsh environmental conditions

41
Q

Stigma

A

light sensing

Euglena

42
Q

Trichocyst

A

barb for feeding or defense

-Paramecium

43
Q

Cytostome

A

mouth

-Paramecium

Zoology (5 decks)

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