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B2 > B2.7 > Flashcards

B2.7 Flashcards

1
Q

In plants and animals what are passed down

A

Characteristics

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2
Q

How would u present different characteristics

A

In a simple diagram

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3
Q

How are body cells divided

A

Mitosis

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4
Q

What do chromosomes contain

A

The genetic information

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5
Q

What happens during mitosis

A 
Duplicate chromosomes
Line up at centre
Cell fibre pull them apart 
Membranes form around each chromosome
Become nucleus
Cytoplasm divides
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6
Q

What is mitosis used for

A

Growth or to produce replacement cells

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7
Q

How many sets of chromosomes do body cells have

A

2

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8
Q

How many sets of chromosomes do gametes have

A

One

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9
Q

What do cells in reproductive organs have to do to form gametes

A

Divide

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10
Q

What is meiosis

A

A type of cell division in which a cell divides to form gametes

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11
Q

Process of meiosis

A 
Mitosis
Pulled apart
Pulled apart again 
Four gametes 
Each with a single set of chromosomes
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12
Q

What do gametes do at fertilisation

A

Join together and single body cell is formed

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13
Q

What is the difference between plant and animal differentiation

A

Animals differentiate at an early stage

Plants differentiate for life

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14
Q

What is cell division restricted to in mature animals

A

Repair and replacement

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15
Q

What can be differentiated into any human

A

Stem cells

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16
Q

What do we know if the reproduction process was asexual

A

Used mitosis

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17
Q

Why does sexual reproduction allow variation

A

Gametes fuse so one of each allele comes from each parent

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18
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes determine the gender of the child

A

1

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19
Q

What are the female sex chromosomes

A

XX

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20
Q

What are the male sex chromosomes

A

XY

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21
Q

What are some characteristics controlled by

A

A single gene

22
Q

What is a dominant allele

A

Controls the development of a characteristics when it is present on only one of the chromosomes

23
Q

What is recessive allele

A

Controls the development of q characteristics only if the dominant allele is not present

24
Q

What is dna

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid- what chromosomes are made of in a double helix structure

25
Q

What is a gene

A

Small section of dna

26
Q

What is a gene code

A

A particular combination of amino acids which makes a specific protein

27
Q

Everyone has unique dna expect

A

Identical twins

28
Q

What is dna fingerprinting

A

Process to identify individuals, paternity test and forensic science

29
Q

What are some diseases

A

Inherited

30
Q

What is polydactyly

A

Extra fingers or toes caused by a dominant allele of gene and can only be passed by only one parent who has the disorder

31
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A

A disorder of cell membrane

32
Q

How is cystic fibrosis inherited

A

Parents must be carriers or have the disease and caused by recessive allele

33
Q

What can happen to embryos to show the allele that causes genetic disorders

A

Screened

34
Q

What do genes do

A

They tell cells in what order to put amino acids together

35
Q

What does DNA fingerprinting do scientifically

A

Cuts up a persons DNA into small sections and then separating them

36
Q

What is mitosis

A

When a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form two identical offsprings

37
Q

Advantages of stem cells

A

Cure diseases

Eradicate diseases

38
Q

Disadvantages of stem cells

A

Embryos potential life

Curing patients are more important than embryos

39
Q

What do genetic diagrams show

A

The possible combinations of gametes

40
Q

What dis Mendel used

A

Pea plants

41
Q

What conclusions did Mendel came to

A

Characteristics in plants are determined by hereditary units

Hereditary are passed on from both parents and one unit from each parent

Dominant allele is shown

42
Q

What are alleles

A

Different versions of the same gene

43
Q

How many alleles do gametes have

A

1

44
Q

What so we call it when two alleles are the same

A

Homozygous

45
Q

What do we call two different alleles

A

Heterozygous

46
Q

What happens during ivf

A

Embryos are fertilised in a laboratory implanted into mothers womb

47
Q

Why is more than one egg fertilised in ivf

A

More chance to be successful

48
Q

How can cystic fibrosis be identified

A

IVF and embryo screening

49
Q

Advantages of embryo screening

A

Help people suffering

Laws to stop going far

Treating disorders is too expensive

50
Q

Disadvantages to embryo screening

A

Expensive

Could have been life if rejected

Desirable characteristics may be wanted

B2 (9 decks)

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