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Oral Pathology > exam3- lecture 2 > Flashcards

exam3- lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

benign lesion composed of normal compact bone

A

torus

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2
Q

the appearance of the face

A

facies

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3
Q

where do malignant vascular tumors occur and who do they occur in?

A

hard palate and gingiva are most common sites.

presents as multiple purplish tumors of the lower extremes in older men

associated with HIV

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4
Q

multiple melanotic macular pigmentations of skin and mucosa which are associated with GI polyposis

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

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5
Q

this is a sunburst pattern radiographically, usually destructive and chemo or surgery

A

osteosarcoma

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6
Q

This is characterized by teeth with normal crowns and abnormal roots, total or partial lack of pulp pradiographically, root canals are short and blunted, premature exfolitation, periapical cycts can be associated with teeth

A

Type I, radicular dentin dysplasia

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7
Q

what is another name for neurilemmoma?

A

schwannoma

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8
Q

small nodules excrescences of normal compact bone occuring on buccal surface of max or mand molar region

A

exostosis

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9
Q

with this abnormalities the facies have slanted eyes, usually shorter, heart abnormalities present in 30%, fissured tongue and premature loss of teeth are common due to increase in gingival and periodontal disease about 90%

A

trisomy 21

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10
Q

this is a decrease in serum alkaline phosphate levels with increased urinary and plasma levels of phosphoethanolamine

A

hypophosphatasia

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11
Q

systemic, malignant proliferation of plasma cells causing destructive lesions of bone that affects men more and older than 40 yrs old

A

multiple myeloma

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12
Q

this is a defective closure of the bone encasement of the spinal corde

A

spina bifida occulta

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13
Q

what are the systemic and oral manifestations of cyclic neutropenia?

A

systemic: fever, malaise, sore throat
oral: ulcerative gingivitis or gingivostomatitis

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14
Q

this is a cyclic decrease in the number of circulating neutrophilic leukocytes, and leads to severe perio disease, loss of alveolar bone, mobility and loss of teeth

A

cyclic neutropenia

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15
Q

this is a blueprint of the genetic DNS for coding of proteins

A

Messenger RNA

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16
Q

cranium develops in a mush room shape because the fontanelles remain open which makes face appear smaller, skull radiographs reveal open fontanelle, paranasal sinues are lacking

A

cleidocranial dysplasia

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17
Q

a pair of chromosomes with an identical extra chromosome

A

trisomy

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18
Q

science that studied inheritance and expression of inherited traits

A

genetics

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19
Q

benign tumor of striated muscle

A

rhabdomyoma

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20
Q

a malignant tumor of cartliage

A

chondrosarcoma

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21
Q

permanent teeth present with normal crown formation and color, radiographically single rooted teeth pulp chambers are thistle shaped and molars have pulp chambers bow tie shaped

A

type II coronal dentin dysplaisa

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22
Q

a malignant tumor of melanocytes associated with sunlight exposure that is an aggressive tumor

A

malignant melanoma

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23
Q

over production of WBC

A

leukemia

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24
Q

what is blue sclerae and what is it ossociated with?

A

blue appearance of whites of eyes..osteogensis imperfecta

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25
Q

benign tumor composed of lymphatic vessels, most common in tongue. treat with surgical excision

A

lymphangioma

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26
Q

hereditary units that are transmitted from one generation to another

A

genes

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27
Q

what are the four types of amelogensis imperfecta?

A

type I: Hypoplastics
type II: Hypoclacified
type III: Hypomaturation
type IV: hypoplastic-hypomaturation

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28
Q

component of several inherited syndromes, generally develops early in life and within a few years the teeth are completely covered, extensive gingival enlargement leads to protrustion of lips

A

gingival fibromatosis

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29
Q

this is more severe in its clinical manifestations.. what are they?

A

autosomal recessive

teeth are yellow to orange, enamel is very soft and rapidly lost, leaving exposed dentin..

moth eaten appearance

cervical enamel is better calcified and remains on crown

associated with anterior open bite

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30
Q

where does complex odontoma occur?

A

posterior mandible

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31
Q

malignant tumor of striated muscle and most common malignant soft tissue tumor of the head neck in children

A

rhabdmysarcoma

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32
Q

a cystic lymphangioma in the neck

A

cystic hygroma

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33
Q

this abnormality has a female phenotype (make up and looks).. short stature, webbing of neck, edema of hands and feet, low hairline, chest is broad with wide spaced nipples, aorta is abnormal, sparse body hair and ovaries not developed

A

turners syndrome

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34
Q

benign tumor composed of large cells with granular cytoplasm.. occurs on tongue as a painless nonulcerated module and to be excised

A

granular cell tumor

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35
Q

tumor of smooth muscle that is very rare

A

leiomymomas

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36
Q

this is multiple abnormalities in various organs where 70% of infants die within the 1st 7 months of life

A

trisomy 13

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37
Q

multiple sites composed of spindle shaped cells mixed with slit spaces containing RBC

A

malignant vascular tumors

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38
Q

this is characterized by enamel of normal thickness and poorly calcified, two types (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive)

A

type II: Hypocalcified

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39
Q

this is a collection of numerous small teeth

A

compound odontoma

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40
Q

entire physical, biochemical, and psychologic make up of a person

A

phenotype

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41
Q

This transfers amino acids in the proper sequence to form polypeptides and hence proteins

A

Transfer RNA

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42
Q

odontogenic tumor composed of mature enamel, dentin, cementum and dental pulp

A

odontoma

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43
Q

what are the two types of odontoma?

A

compound and complex

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44
Q

what is café au lauit and what is it associated with?

A

pigmentation of skin is present from the first decade of life in 90% of these patients, usually precede the development of neurofibromas

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45
Q

genetically XXY chromosomal pattern, male phenotype but not detected until after puberty, taller, wide hips, female pubic hair distribution, 50% gynecomastia, penis is normal but balls are small and hard with lack of sterile

A

Klinefelters syndrome

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46
Q

multiple capillary dilations of the skin and mucous membranes, skin of face has numerous spider like telangiectases of lips, eyelids and nose.. frequent sometimes serious nose bleeds (epistaxis)

A

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

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47
Q

patients present with bone pain and swelling, pathological fracture of bone can occur, involved bones show multiple RL lesions and mandible is more involved

A

multiple myeloma

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48
Q

this is a rapid enlarging bluish to black mass located on the palate and maxillary gingiva. treat with excision

A

malignant melanoma

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49
Q

this is found within the nucleus and is the precursor of messenger RNA

A

Heterogeneous RNA

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50
Q

this combines with several polypeptides to form ribosomes

A

Ribosomal RNA

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51
Q

what are the four types of RNA?

A

messenger
transfer
ribosomal
heterogenous

52
Q

permanent change in the arrangement of genetic material

A

mutation

53
Q

this is a well demarcated sessile or pedunculated lesion oringinating from the interdental papillae, occurs and young females and treat with surgical excision

A

peripheral ossifying fibroma

54
Q

what does trisomy 13 look like clinically?

A

bilateral cleft lip and palate

small eyes

no eyes

superficial hemangioma of forehead

growth retardation

mental retardation

polydactyly of hands and feet (supernumerary digits)

clenching of fist with thumb under finers

rocker bottom feet

heart malformations

external genital anomalies

55
Q

most common primary malignant tumor of bone in patients less than 40 years… parasthesja of lip is common in mandibular tumors. RL to RO

A

osteosarcoma

56
Q

a malignant vascular tumor

A

kaposis sarcoma

57
Q

benign tumor composed of ceullar fibrous CT and bone, rare but usually occur in adults 30-40’s, well defined ranges from RL to RO

A

ossifying fibroma

58
Q

an individual having idental genes

A

homozygote

59
Q

this is known as hereditary opalscent dentin, teeth have bulbous crowns with color variations, primary teeth are more effected and the xray show no pulp canal or chamber

A

dentinogensis imperfecta type II

60
Q

this occurs in females and the most severe form of ectodermal dysplasia

A

hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

61
Q

a trait or characteristic hat is manifested when it is carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes

A

dominant

62
Q

maxillary tori

A

torus palatinus

63
Q

neurofibromas occur in multiple neurofibromatosis syndrome called?

A

Von Recinghausen disease (numerous neurofibromas on skin)

64
Q

how do you treat tumors of muscle?

A

combination of chemo and surgery

65
Q

a granular cell tumor present at birth that presents a sessile or pedunculated mass on the gingiva in the anterior maxilla in girls. treat with excision

A

congenital epulis

66
Q

characterized by its association with taurodontic teeth, thin enamel is yellow to brown pitted, radiodensitiy similar to dentin, single rooted teeth have large pulp chambers

A

type IV: Hypoplastic-hypomaturation

67
Q

this leukemia is most common in children and young adults and is characterized by a proliferation of poorly differentiated cells

A

acute

68
Q

this is aka neurofibromatosis, multiple neurofibromas appear as papules and growths of various sites, malignant transformations in 3-15% patients

A

von recklinghausens disease

69
Q

where is the most common site for nerve tissue tumors and where do they derive from?

A

tongue and schwann cells

70
Q

What are the gross chromosomal abnormalities?

A

trisomy 21, trisomy 13, turners syndrome and Klinefelters syndrome

71
Q

what seven varities are associated with type I hypoplastic amelogensis imperfecta?

A

pitted, local, smooth, rough, and enamel agenesis..

pits occur on labial and buccal surfaces

72
Q

small, peg shaped maxillary lateral incisors within 1-3% of population

A

peg lateral

73
Q

clinically presents as a white, corrugated, soft, folding oral mucosa, buccal mucoasa affected is bilateral

A

white sponge nevus

74
Q

calcifation of bone and cementum associated with hypophosphatasia

A

alkaline phosphatase

75
Q

marked destruction of periodontal tissues (periodontoclasia) of both dentions with premature loss of teeth and hyperkeratosis of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (palmar and planter hyperkeratosis)..usually all permanent teeth are lost before age 14

A

Papillion-lefevere syndrome

76
Q

how do you treat odontoma?

A

surgical excision

77
Q

this has low serum levels of phosphorus, rickets, radiographically large pulp chambers with very long pulp horns, peg laterals and taurodontism

A

hypophosphatemic vitamin d resistant rickets

78
Q

what are the major components of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?

A

hypodontia- partial anodontia

hypotrichosis- less than normal amnt of hair

hypohidrosis- abnormality diminshed secretion of sweat

born without lanugo- body hair at birth

die from hyperthermia- body temp greatly increased

no eyebrows or eyelashes, crowns are conical in shape

79
Q

this is the most common odontogenic tumor occuring in the gingiva

A

peripheral ossifying fibroma

80
Q

this occurs in 1 in 800 births, it is the most frequent syndrome

A

cleft lip/palate

81
Q

what size are odontomas?

A

mostly small but can become large and cause displacement of teeth

82
Q

with this, the neck is long and narrow bc of uni or bi lateral aplasia or hypoplasia of the clavicles, it allows pt. to approximate their shoulders to the midline because of this alteration..they have many supermumerary teeth

A

cleidocranial dysplasia

83
Q

this is brittle bone disease, the defect involves collagen and results in abnormally formed bones that fracture easily.. multiple bone fractures are main clinical complication

A

osteogensis imperfecta

84
Q

dwarfs because of distal shortening of extremeties, 1/3 of pt are retarded, hands show polydactyly, fingers and toenails are hypoplastic and deformed, 50% have congenital heart defects, teeth appear conical in shape

A

Chondroectodermal Dysplasia

85
Q

what does osteogensis imperfect cause?

A

bowing of the legs, curvature of spine, deformity of skull and shorteing of arms and legs..

86
Q

this is the presence of osteomas in various bones, especially the frontal bones, mandible and maxilla, facial asymmetry

A

gardners syndrome

87
Q

malignant tumor of bone forming tissue, occurs in mandible two times more than maxilla and presents as diffuse swelling or mass or tooth mobility

A

osteosarcoma

88
Q

this is characterized by tooth enamel that does not develop to a normal thickness because of failure of the amelobaslsts lay down enamel matric properly

A

type I: Hypoplastics

89
Q

intraoral commonly located on hard palate, occurs in women 2x more than men and between ages of 20-50 yrs old and treat with surgical excision

A

melanocytic nevi

90
Q

this is lateral curving of the spine plus a vertical curvature of spine

hunch back

A

kyphoscoliosis

kyphosis

91
Q

mandibular tori

A

torus mandibularus

92
Q

what are the two forms of leukemia?

A

acute and chronic

93
Q

what are neurofibroma and schwannoma?

A

benign tumors derived from nerve tissue

94
Q

how do you treat tumors of cartilage?

A

chemo and radiation are not effective. wide surgical excision is done but poor prognosis 30% 5 year survival rate

95
Q

what are the oral manifestations associated with osteogensis imperfecta?

A

dentinogensis imperfecta, crowns, roots, pulps chambers are generally smaller than normal and appear opalscent or translucent

96
Q

this is a decrease in the number of circulating neutrophils

A

neutropenia

97
Q

an individual with two different genes

A

hererozygote

98
Q

this is known as down syndrome, and is the most frequent gross chromosomal abnormalitie

A

trisomy 21

99
Q

benign tumor of cartilage

A

chondroma

100
Q

this is a bifurcation of the ribs, spina bifida oculata, kyphoscolosis

A

nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome

101
Q

progressive bilateral facial sweeling that appears between 1.5-4.5 years of age, ocular hypertelorism, soap bubble appearance on xray in ramus of mandible, bone leasions interfere with tooth development, facial deformity can remain for life

A

cherubism

102
Q

how do you treat lymphoma

A

radiation chemo surgery or combo

103
Q

this is a benign tumor of mature fat cells, yellowish mass surfaces with thin overlying epithelium and treat with surgical excision

A

lipoma

104
Q

mass of enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp that doesn’t resemble a normal tooth

A

complex odontoma

105
Q

this leukemia exhibits a proliferation of well differentiated cells that occurs most frequently in middle aged adults

A

chronic

106
Q

this is an exophytic lesion occurring only on the gingiva probably from cells of PDL..composed of cellular CT interspersed with scattered bone or cementum

A

Peripheral ossiyfing fibroma

107
Q

this is agenesis of abnormal formation of cementum, premature exfoliation of primary teeth, improper formation of mature bone with bow legs and fractures

A

hypophosphatasia

108
Q

transmitted vertically from one generation to the next

A

autosomal dominant inheritance

109
Q

where is the most common location for oral lymphoma

A

tonsillar area

110
Q

this is a common oral manifestation of monocytic that is diffuse gingival enlargement with persistent bleeding

A

leukemia

111
Q

this is also called gorlins syndrome, consists of ball cell carcinomas of the skin over the nose, eyelids, cheeks, neck, arms, and trunk along with multiple adontogenic keratocysts

A

nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome

112
Q

pigmented congenital lesion present at birth, a tumor of melanocytes

A

nevus

113
Q

these are fragments of immunoglobulins present in the urine with multiple myeloma… which is localized tumor of plasma cells in soft tissue

A

hence jones proteins extramedullary plasmacytoma

114
Q

normal bone marrow is replaced by a profileration of immature WBC

A

leukemia

115
Q

where does compound odontoma occur?

A

anterior maxilla

116
Q

this has multiple odontomas that can occur in the jaw bones, esp. the mandible, teeth can exhibit hypercementosis, presence of intestinal polyps which become malignant at age 30 and after

A

gardners syndrome

117
Q

primary dentin characterized by translucent teeth with an amber color, radiographically is lack of pulp chambers and small root canals

A

type II coronal dentin dysplaisa

118
Q

a benign tumor composed of nature, normal appearing bone, slow growing tumor, asymptotic and can cause expansion if involved bone. surgical excision

A

osteoma

119
Q

set of signs or symptoms or both occuring together

A

syndrome

120
Q

this is a malignant tumor of lympoid tissue, clinical presentation of lymphoma is the gradual enlargement of lymphnodes

A

lymphoma or non hodgkins

121
Q

what is the most common type of amelogensis imperfecta?

A

pitted hypoplastic

122
Q

bulls teeth, most frequent among native americans, normal crowns with short roots

A

taurodontism

123
Q

how do you treat leukemia ?

A

chemo, radiation or corticosteroids. sometimes bone transplant

124
Q

this is characterized by an enamel of mottled appearance but normal thickness, composed of large amounts of enamel matrix and therefore the enamel is softer than normal, enamel easily chips and snow capp typed on 1/3 of tooth

A

type III: Hypomaturation

125
Q

group of inherited conditions affecting enamel of the teeth and having no associated systemic defects

A

amelogensis imperfecta

126
Q

benign proliferation of capillary, common vascular lesion, present at both and tongue is most common intraoral lesion. treatment varies depending on size

A

hemangioma

127
Q

what are the types of leukemia?

A

myleocytes, lymphocytes or monocytes

Oral Pathology (15 decks)

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