Lecture 8

Question 1

molluscs are – animals with a calcareous shell with one or two valves

Answer 1

free living

Question 2

T/F: molluscs have a good fossil record throughout the whole Phanerozoic

Answer 2

true

Question 3

most molluscs are – but more kinds of molluscs than vertebrates invaded land

Answer 3

marine

Question 4

because of – there is no single unique molluscan character

Answer 4

divergent evolution

Question 5

typical molluscan characters: calcareous shell, –, and muscular foot

Answer 5

rasping organ (radula)

Question 6

classes

Answer 6

gastropoda, cepahlopoda, bivalvia

Question 7

classes rostroconchs and hyoliths became extinct at the end of

Answer 7

Paleozoic

Question 8

hyolith shell was – a typical molluscan shell microstructure

Answer 8

fibrous aragonite

Question 9

max size of molluscs increased with –

Answer 9

time

Question 10

class monoplacophora primitive molluscs had a – exoskeleton (limpet-shaped shell)

Answer 10

dorsal

Question 11

living class monoplacophora

Answer 11

vema

Question 12

class monoplacophora were bilaterally symmetrical, many muscles attaching – to shell and a series of gills in mantle cavity

Answer 12

foot

Question 13

Adaptive Pathway followed by molluscs: lateral compression or –

Answer 13

chambered shell

Question 14

lateral compression allowed molluscs to

Answer 14

slice into the sediment (Rostrochonchia)

Question 15

lateral compression –>

Answer 15

bivalve shell (colonize infaunal habitats)

Question 16

chambered shell allowed molluscs to –

Answer 16

swim –> cephalopod

Question 17

chambered shell –> logarithmic coiling which allowed molluscs to

Answer 17

leave hard substrates (monoplacophora)

Question 18

chambered shell –> asymmetric coiling allowed molluscs a greater variety of –

Answer 18

shell forms ( twisted gastropoda)

Question 19

– snails have carbonate shells

Answer 19

sea

Question 20

pelecypoda or lamellibrachiata

Answer 20

class bivalvia

Question 21

Bivalve Pyramus

Answer 21

Permian NSW

Question 22

plane of symmetry separates –

Answer 22

two valves

Question 23

bivalves have – muscles

Answer 23

adductor

Question 24

– fibers in bivalve ligament and shell

Answer 24

aragonite

Question 25

– evolution of bivalve hinge teeth

Answer 25

convergent

Question 26

Eurydesma and Hippopus

Answer 26

bivalve

Question 27

Nautilus can float because it has – in the chamber

Answer 27

nitrogen

Question 28

Nautilus feeds by moving up and down; needs to adjust mass by

Answer 28

pump

Question 29

nautilus: connection of living tissue until origin of growth

Answer 29

siphuncle

Question 30

nautilus: sutures are on the –

Answer 30

body chamber

Question 31

progressive loss of – in evolution of octopus and squid

Answer 31

shell