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Respiratory > Oxygen and Respiratory Failure > Flashcards

Oxygen and Respiratory Failure Flashcards

1
Q

How can oxygen travel in the blood?

A

Bound to haemoglobin or dissolved in the plasma

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2
Q

The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to what?

A

The pressure of the gas

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3
Q

What is SaO2?

A

Oxygen saturation of arterial blood

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4
Q

What is SpO2?

A

Oxygen saturation as measured by a pulse oximeter

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5
Q

What is PaO2?

A

The amount of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood plasma

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6
Q

The amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood is proportional to what?

A

The partial pressure of oxygen

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7
Q

What does not increase in proportion to the partial pressure of oxygen?

A

The amount of oxygen bound to haemoglobin

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8
Q

What is FiO2?

A

Fraction of inspired oxygen- the amount of oxygen a patient is taking in through different oxygen masks

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9
Q

What happens when patients with chronic respiratory failure are given high concentrations of oxygen?

A

They will develop hypercapnia and become acidotic quickly

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10
Q

What is type 1 respiratory failure?

A

Low oxygen, normal CO2

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11
Q

What is type 2 respiratory failure?

A

Low oxygen, high CO2

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12
Q

What signifies chronic respiratory failure?

A

Differences in bicarbonate value as this takes a few days to show

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13
Q

Why does CO2 retention occur?

A

Because of V/Q mismatching- perfusion will still be good but ventilation will be poor

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14
Q

What physiological term does CO2 retention work around?

A

The Haldane effect

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15
Q

What does chronic hypercapnia cause?

A

Desensitisation of CO2 chemoreceptors and oxygen chemoreceptors become more important

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16
Q

What is the desensitisation of CO2 chemoreceptors known as?

A

Hypoxic drive

17
Q

What can hypoxaemia lead to?

A

Altered mental state, cyanosis, dyspnoea, tachypnoea, arrhythmias

18
Q

What is perfusion without ventilation known as?

A

Shunting

19
Q

What is ventilation without perfusion known as?

A

Dead space

20
Q

Which is more common, shunting or dead space?

A

Shunting

21
Q

Which diseases is dead space usually found in?

A

Pulmonary embolism, vasculitis and hypertension

22
Q

How much oxygen should be given in medical emergencies?

A

As much as possible

23
Q

What is the target SaO2 for patients with COPD/obesity/scoliosis/cystic fibrosis?

A

88-92%

24
Q

What should target saturations normally be?

A

94-98%

25
Q

What delivery method of oxygen should be used in emergencies?

A

Reservoir mask

Respiratory (16 decks)

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