Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > exam 4- lecture 2 > Flashcards

exam 4- lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how do you treat hypoglycemia?

A

if awake: fruit juice, cake icing, glucose gel

unconscious: IV dextrose (50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does a deficiency of B1 lead to?

A

beriberi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

this stimulate acid secretion and is a caution with ulcer patients and can exasberate hypertensions

A

adrenocorticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is used in the treatment of infertility?

A

FSH/LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the RDA of riboflavin?

A

1.3-1.8 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is THE RDA for vitamin. K

A

males 40-80 micrograms

females 45-65 micrograms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

this is effective only for the prophylaxis of asthma, and prevents the antigen induced release of histamine, leukotrienes and other substances from sensitized mast cells, least toxic of all medications of asthma and available OTC for allergic rhinitis

A

cromolyn (Nasalcrom)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what medications are available in MDI?

A

beta agonists, corticosteroids, cromolyn and ipratropium and leukotriene or blocking drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what vitamin is cyanocobalamin?

A

vitamin b 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

this vitamin is necessary for normal growth for maintaining the health and integrity of certain epithelial tissues… it represents a group of retinoids and carotenoids

A

vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

this can increase serum levels of theophylline

A

erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a deficiency of niacin called?

A

pellagra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the most commonly used corticosteroids used orally?

A

prednisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is beriberi?

A

deficiency in peripheral neuritis, muscle weakness, paralysis of limbs, enlargement of heart, tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the characteristics of osteoporosis?

A

predisposing to fractures, thin, white, female smokers… recommended calcium intake of 1200-1500 for post menopausal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the sources of thiamine (vitamin B1)?

A

pork, whole grain breads, cereals, pasta, peas and dried brewers yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

this is an example of leukotriene and increases effect of warfarin

A

zafirlukast (Accolate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

this vitamin promotes the mineralization of bone by stimulating intestinal absorption of calcium and the deficiency is known as Rickets

A

vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is recommended with pernicious anemia?

A

maintenance injection of b12 is recommended once a month for life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the uses of adrenocorticosteroids in dentistry?

A

used topically or systemically for the treatment of oral lesions associated with inflammatory diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the two major grounds of adrenocorticosteroids?

A

glucocorticoids (affect intermediate carbohydrate metabolism)

mineralcorticoids(affects the water and electrolyte composition of the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what sources can you get pyrodixine from?

A

whole grain cereals, meat, peas and eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how is vitamin C destroyed?

A

by cooking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

this loosens secretions in pulmonary diseases and used orally as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity

A

acetylcystine (mucomyst)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are some types of antimetics?

A

promethazine (phenergran) and prochloraperazine (Compazine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

why do you use corticosteroids?

A

rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, lupus, acute bronchial asthma, and severe and cather allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

these are for acute gastridis and most common type for heart bern or upset stomach

A

antacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the two forms of hyperthyroidism?

A

graves disease: diffuse toxic goiter, enlarged and highly vascular

plummers disease- toxic nodular goiter, nodules within the gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the deficiency’s of the pituitary gland known as?

A

hypopituitarisim

produces decreased metabolism, dwarfism, diabetes, hypothyroidism, addisons disease, decreased sex drive, retarded dental development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is B12 important for the metabolism of?

A

fats and carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Excessive intake of vitamin A results in a toxic condition called?

A

hypervitaminosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what can occur when taking niacin?

A

flushing.. take 1 Aspirin 1/2 hour before niacin is infested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is niacin connected in the body to?

A

niacinamide or nicotinamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what type of patients may exhibit vitamin D deficiency?

A

pt taking dilantin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what should be avoided in thyrotoxic patients

A

the use of epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what are good sources of cyanocobalamin?

A

liver, wheat, milk, cheese and eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

this supplement is recommend via IM route and has burning tongue syndrome

A

vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

This is recommened 50-125 mg day, has a deficiency known as goiter, marine life is the only common food naturally rich in this and use of iodized salt has lead to decrease in goiter..

A

iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

this is the drug of choice for COPD

A

ipratropium (atrovent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

this is the most popular expectorant

A

guaifenesin (robitussin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is the RDA of niacin?

A

15-20 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

these are essential in small quantities for the maintenance of cell structure and metabolism and a group of low molecular weight compounds

A

vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

severe deficiency of alcoholism with B1?

A

wernickes encephalopathy/korsakoffs psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what does vitamin C enhance the absorption of?

A

Iron (Fe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

this is essential for the maintenence of the photoreceptors mechanism of the retina and prevents or reverses the transformation of premalignant cells to malignant cells

A

vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what is the RDA of thiamin?

A

adult: 1.5 mg (males)

1. 1 mg (females)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what is used to treat chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema

A

theopylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

agent secreted by the pituitary that causes the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex

A

adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what is the deficiency of vitamin C?

A

scurvy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what is an old remdie for allergies

A

atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

this is an autoimmune disease that prevents the production of intrinsic factor (blood clotting)

A

pernicious anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what are main characteristics of hypothyroidism

A

mental and physical retardation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what is the RDA for vitamin C?

A

60 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

these are used to control nausea

A

antiemtics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

this is used to relieve gas

A

simethicone (mylicon, gas-x)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

this is administered by SQ injection and human regular or neutral protein hagedorn

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

this is known as nicotonic acid or vitamin B3

A

niacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

what was the first proton pump inhibitor?

A

omeprazole (Prilosec)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

what is the RDA of calcium!

A

800-1500 micrograms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

this is to treat severe recalcitrant psoriasis, pregnancy category X and lifetime ban for bein a blood donor

A

Etertinate (tegison)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

this is reversible airway obstruction with inflammation

A

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

these are pathway inhibitors that produce bronchoconstriction

A

leukotriene (LT’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

what provide the greatest source of vitamin a in most diets

A

carotenes

found in apricots, peaches, tomatoes, carrots, pumpkins, broccoli, spinach and sweet taters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

this is also secreted by the thyroid gland and regulates calcium metabolism

A

calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

what can pellagra be diagnosed by?

A

dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia

burning sensation throughout the mouth and the tongue is beefy red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

what are the oral manifestations of Thiamine?

A

burning tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

this is a group of agent secreted by the adrenal cortex

A

adrenocorticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

this is manifested by abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and inappropriate hyperglycemia and has two tpyes

A

diabetes mellitus

type 1 insulin depend.
type 2 non insulin depend.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

this is usually in patients younger than 30 yrs, results from autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, complete lack of insulin secretion, treat with insulin injections

A

type 1 insulin dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

this is used orally for severe cystic acne and pregnancy category X

A

Isotretinoin (Accutane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

this has a cyanide molecule attached to the cobalt atom and the only sources of this is in nature are certain micro organisms that synthesize the vitamin

A

cyanocobalamin vitamin b12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

this occurs when the equilibrium between reapportion of formation of bone becomes negative

A

osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

what are the functions of vitamin C?

A

collagen formation

synthesis of epinephrine / norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

what test is done for diabetes?

A

lab test of serum glucose.. measure of patients glucose control at the time that the blood is sampled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

this is a protyotype histamine2 blocking agent

A

cimetidine (Tagamet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

this is decreased of bone density or pathologic factors

A

osteomalacia

77
Q

what are the best sources of B2?

A

dairy products, organ meat (liver)

78
Q

this is used for the treatment of transient diabetes insipidus

A

vasopressin

79
Q

this is a result of chronic inflammation of the air ways and excessive sputum and production

A

chronic bronchitis

80
Q

what can hypersecretion of the pituitary gland produce?

A 
sexual precocity
goiter
cushings disease
acromegaly
gigantism
81
Q

affects carbohydrate metabolism

A

glucocorticoids

82
Q

what is the most common cause of thiamine deficiency?

A

alcoholism

83
Q

disease caused by an excess of adrenocorticosteroids characterized by moon facies, buffalo hump and weight gain

A

cushing’s syndrome

84
Q

this type of thyroid disease as heat intolerance, exopthalmus, excess levels of circulating thyroid hormone produce throtoxicosis

A

hyperthyroidism

85
Q

this is the most prevalent GI disease in the US, called heart burn, and this is when stomach contents flow backward thru the cardiac sphincter, up into esophagus and can be nterprted as heart attacks

A

GERD- Gastroesophageal reflux disease

86
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of riboflavin?

A

sore throats and angular cheilitis

most likely seen in alcoholics or patients with severe GI disease

87
Q

this makes strong bones, 5th most prevalent element in the body… it is present in bones, teeth, and extracellular fluids.. dairy products are the best source

A

calcium

88
Q

this is when patients have persistent life threatening bronchospasm despite drug therapy

A

status asthmaticus

89
Q

what is the most commonly used hormone for supplement therapy ofr hypothyroidism?

A

levothyroxine/synthroid

90
Q

what is the RDA of Iron?

A

males 10 mg daily

females 15 mg

91
Q

these occur in stomach or small intestines, most related to helicobacter pylor and some develop as chronic result of NSAID use

A

ulcers

92
Q

what does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

A

growth hormone (somatotropin), lutenizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

93
Q

what are the treatments of hyperthyroidism?

A

radioactive iodine
thyroidectomy

treat with synthoid after

94
Q

what is the seducing of pantothenjc acid?

A

rare but can develop in people with liver disease or alcoholism

95
Q

this is a potent inhibitor of gastic secretion.. nexium

A

proton pump inhibitor

96
Q

these produce bronchodilation by stimulation of beta receptors in the lungs

A

sympathomimetic agents (adrenergic agonists)

97
Q

increases the breakdown of glycogen to glucose elevating blood glucose

A

glucagon

98
Q

most extensive use of corticosteroids in medicine and dentistry is in the treatment of a wide variety of inflammatory/allergic conditions

A

corticosteroids

99
Q

affects the body’s sodium and water balance (fluid levels)

A

mineralcorticoids

100
Q

these are used for motion sickness

A

dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)/ meclizine (bonine)

101
Q

these are palliative rather than curative and decrease resistance to infection

A

corticosteroids

102
Q

these block and inhibits basal and nocturnal gastic acid secretion

A

histaime2- blocking agents

axid, peptid and zantac are otc

103
Q

what is required for the formation of collagen and helps in wound healing?

A

vitamin C

104
Q

what increases the acid production and reduces effects of h2 blockers?

A

smoking

105
Q

this is a major glucocorticoid present in the body

A

cortisol (hydrocortisone)

106
Q

this is the most critical time for a developing fetus and administering drugs may cause severe birth defects

A

first trimester

107
Q

components released from adrenal cortex, which includes glucocorticoids/mineralcorticoids

A

adrenocorticosteroids/corticosteroids/steroids

108
Q

what is folic acid destroyed by?

A

heating in neutral or alkaline solution

109
Q

what does a deficiency of vitamin A lead to?

A

night blindness (nyctalopia) impaired vision in dim light

110
Q

what is the RDA of cyanocobalamin?

A

2 micrograms with an additional .2 micrograms and .6 micrograms during pregnancy and lactation

111
Q

what is the RDA of vitamin E?

A

10-30 mg

112
Q

what are the sources of niacin?

A

lean meats, fish, liver, poultry, peas and whole grains

113
Q

what are some available corticosterioids as sprays for nasal stuffiness?

A

beclomethasone (vancenase) reduces inflammation within nasal cavities

114
Q

what are disadvantges of MDI?

A

difficult to use and can be abused

115
Q

what are corticosterioids used for?

A

to treat asthma, usually added to the treatment regimen when asthmatic patients uses more than 3 inhalations of albuterol per week

116
Q

what is vitamin B6 inhibited by?

A

isoniazid

117
Q

what is the dose of vitamin E for protective cardiovascular effect?

A

400 IU

118
Q

what is vitamin K essential for?

A

four clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X)

antagonized by anti-coagulant drugs (warfarin)

119
Q

what are the two groups of vitamins?

A

water soluble: B and C

fat: A D E K

120
Q

what do common corticosteroid inhalers contain?

A

beclomethose, triamcinolone, and fluticasone

121
Q

how much of the iron in the body is essential iron? and what are the sources)

A

80%

organ meats, brewers yeast, egg yolks, oysters, red meats and dried beans

122
Q

what are sustain beta agonists?

A

salmeterol (servent)
onset is delayed and duration is 12 hrs.
not used in management of acute asthma.. onset is 10-20 min

123
Q

what are some topical corticosteroids?

A

hydrocortisone (weakest)

triamcinolone (in between)

augmented betamethasone (most potent)

124
Q

this is the most common deficiency in the world, and what can it produce?

A

folic acid

megablastic anemia

125
Q

what are hormones secreted by?

A

endocrine glands..

pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenals, gonads

126
Q

this consists of theophylline (theo-dur), caffeine and theobromine

A

methylxanthines

127
Q

what are the natural sources of vitamin C?

A

citrus fruits, green peppers, tomatoes, strawberries, broccoli, raw cabbage, baked potatoes and papaya

128
Q

this functions as an antioxidant and a deficiency can lead to anemia, found in veggie oils, greens and veggies

A

vitamin E

129
Q

what does the pituitary gland secrete?

A

vasopression (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin

130
Q

this is an anticholinergic that has low lipid solubility that makes it bronchoselective, minimized side effect

A

ipratropium (atrovent)

131
Q

pituitary gland secrets peptide hormones that regulate what?

A

thyroid, adrenal, and sex glands

kidney and uterus

growth

132
Q

what is asthma precipitated by?

A

allergens, exercise, stress, and upper resp. infectiond

133
Q

this is irreversible airway obstruction associated with chronic bronchitis or emphysema.. smoking is almost always associated with this

A

COPD- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

134
Q

this is a non selective (non specific) beta- adrenergic agonist

A

epinephrine and isoproterenol… bronchodilation by stimulating beta2 receptors

135
Q

what are some examples of nasal decongestants

A

phenylpropanolamine (Entex LA, tavist-D)

pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, Sucrets, Actifed)

phenylephrine (neo-synepehrine, sinex, allerest)

136
Q

what are the perfered anatacid ingredients?

A

calcium carbonate, aluminum and magnesium salts, and magnesium aluminum hydroxide gels

rolaids, tums, gaviscon, Mylanta and maalox

137
Q

used to induce labor, control postpartum hemorrhage, and induce post partum lactation

A

oxytocin

138
Q

what are the characteristics of rickets?

A

usually have bones that are soft and easy bent, compressed or fractures..

curving of spine and bowling of legs

collapse of ribs and protrusion of the sternum (pigeon breast syndrome)

139
Q

what are the advantages of MDI (metered dose inhalers)

A

delivers medication directly into the bronchioles

bronchodilator effect is greater than comparable oral dose

inhaled dose can be accurately measured

onset of action is rapid

MDI’s are compact, portable and sterile

140
Q

how is vitamin B1 destroyed?

A

by heat greater than 100 degrees celsius

141
Q

what are thyroid hormones synthesized by and what stimulates their release

A

iodine and tyrosine

TSH

142
Q

what does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

2 idodine containing thyroid hormones:

thiiodthyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (t4-thyroxine)

143
Q

lowers blood glucose, but also used alone, does not produce hypoglycemia..dose is 500-250 mg divided into 2-3 daily doses

A

glucophage

144
Q

what are some selective or specific beta 2 agonists?

A

albuterol (inhalation or orally)
1st line of treatment for asthma
drug of choice for emergency treatment of acute asthma attack

145
Q

these are drugs promoting the removal of exudates or mucus from the respiratory passages

A

expectorants

146
Q

what vitamin is pyridoxine?

A

vitamin B6

147
Q

what is niacin useful in the treatment of?

A

hyperlipidemia

148
Q

these partially neutralizie hydrochloric acid in the stomach.. sodium bicarbonate rapidly neutralizes acid in stomach

A

antacids

149
Q

what are the three drugs for management of osteoporosis?

A

fosamax, etridonate(didronel) and calcitonin (miacalcin)

150
Q

this type of vitamin D is produced in the skin of mammals by sunlight

A

D3

151
Q

hypofunction of the thyroid in children

A

cretinism

152
Q

this is the form of vitamin D used in vitamin supplements

A

D2 (ergocalciferol)

153
Q

disease produced by a deficiency of adrenocorticosteroids

A

addison’s disease

154
Q

this is the DM in cough medicines, and opioid like compound suppressive the cough reflex by its direct affect on the cough center

A

dextroethorphan

155
Q

what is the new crieteria for diagnosis of diabetes?

A

two consecutive fasting blood surgars greater than 126 mg/dL

involves 3 Ds

156
Q

what are the causes of folic acid deficiency?

A

inadequate diet, pregnancy, chronic alcoholism

allergic reactions are rare

157
Q

what is the name for vitamin C?

A

ascorbic acid

158
Q

this is required for gluconeougensis and synthesis of fatty acids and sterols and steroid hormones and is essential for normal epithelial function

A

pantothenjc acid

159
Q

what are signs of asthma?

A

wheezing, shortness of breath

160
Q

what is the adult deficiency of vitamin D?

A

osteomalacia

161
Q

this is in pt. older than 40, pancreas secretes enough insulin to prevent ketoacidosis but not enough to normalize plasma glucose, has slower onset, less severe symptoms, treat with diet and exercise, then oral agents, then oral agents, and then insulin

A

type 2 non insulin dependent

162
Q

what can result from chronic use of corticosteroid?

A

candiasis

163
Q

what is the basic function of iron?

A

alllw movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide from one tissue to another

164
Q

this is H20 soluble and maintains the integrity of the erythrocytes and destroyed by UV radiation

A

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

165
Q

these may be opiods or related agents used for symptomatic relief of non productive cough

A

antitussives

166
Q

what is the RDA of vitamin D?

A

10 mg or 400 IU

child 5-10 mg (200-400 IU)

167
Q

where can you find panthotenic acid and what is the RDA?

A

egg yolk, bran, yeast and beef liver

5-10 mg

168
Q

this is principally formed as hemoglobin and a deficiency results in anemia

A

iron (Fe)

169
Q

what is the RDA of pyridoxine?

A

1.5-2 mg day

170
Q

this can be used parenterally to elevate serum calcium in an emergency.. also used during CPR, treatment of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia

A

calcium

171
Q

this occurs in green vegetables such as alfalfa, cabbage, spinach, egg yolks, liver

A

vitamin K

172
Q

these are found in vitamin A and A2 and found in orange colored fruits and veggies

A

retinoids

173
Q

what is the RDA of folic acid?

A

180-200 micrograms

174
Q

this is an acid form of vitamin A and is used topically to treat acne

A

Tretinoin(Retin. A)

175
Q

this is characterized by alveolar destruction with airspace enlargement and airway collapse

A

empysema

176
Q

what are the two primary pancreatic hormones secreted by the islets of langherhans in the pancreas?

A

insulin (fuel shortage) + glucagon (fuel mobilization)

177
Q

these are beta adrenergic agonistst constricting the blood vessels of nasal mucosa

A

nasal decongestants

178
Q

these detory or dissolve mucus

A

mycolytics

179
Q

hypofunction of thyroid in adults

A

myxedema

180
Q

what is the RDA of vitamin A?

A

800-1000 refined equivalent micrograms

181
Q

how can gerd be treated?

A
  1. decrease acid in stomach..
  2. constrict the cardiac sphincter

antacids are used for symptom relief

182
Q

what sources are Folic Acid?

A

liver, fruits, and vegetables, wheat germ and yeasts

183
Q

what can happen with an excess intake of vitamin C?

A

precipitation of oxalate stones in the urinary tract (kidney stones)

184
Q

this is a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain known as the master gland and regulates effect on other endocrine glands and organs of the body

A

pituitary gland

185
Q

what pregnancy category is vitamin A?

A

pregnancy category x

186
Q

what ways do vitamins act?

A

as coenzyme: water soluble vitamins

as antioxidants: vitamins C and E

as hormones: Vitamin A and D

187
Q

what are complications of diabetes?

A 
succeptible to dental caries
xerostomia
periodontal disease
delayed wound healing
can cause blindness
gangrene of feet and legs
188
Q

this is found in seafood and meat, 15 mg RDA and is required to transport carbon dioxide in blood and eliminate in the lungs and can affect reproduction and can stunt growth

A

Zinc

Pharmacology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions