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Human development > The perineum > Flashcards

The perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most inferior region of the pelvic outlet?

A

Perineum

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2
Q

What are the borders of the perineum?

A 
Front= pubic symphysis
Back= coccyx
Sides= Ischial tuberosities
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3
Q

Two triangles of perineum

A

Urogential and anal

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4
Q

Which of the urogenital and anorectal triangles is the most vericle?

A

Anorectal

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5
Q

What does the pudendal nerve branch into?

A

Perineal nerve, inferior rectal nerve, dorsal nerve of penis/ clitoris

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6
Q

What is the arterial supply for the perineum?

A

Internal pudendal artery

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7
Q

Where does the pudendal vein originate?

A

Rami of S2-S4

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8
Q

Describe the course of the pudendal vein?

A

Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen
Passes through ischial spine
Enters perineum through lesser sciatic foramen, passes into pudendal canal

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9
Q

What is the pudendal canal formed by?

A

Fascia overlying obturator internus

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10
Q

What are ishioanal fossae?

A

Spaces located in anus, allowing for expansion

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11
Q

What divides the urogenital trangle into deep and superficial?

A

Perineal membrane

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12
Q

What is the hole in perineal membrane for?

A

Passage of urethra

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13
Q

Names of two superficial fascia?

A

Campers and Colles

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14
Q

What is Camper’s fascia

A

Layer of abdominal wall continuous with ishioanal fossae and superficial fascia of thigh

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15
Q

What is Colles fascia?

A

Continuous with anterior abdominal wall but NOT THIGH FASCIA

Deep to camper’s

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16
Q

Where is the deep perineal pouch?

A

Above the perineal membrane

17
Q

What muscles are contained in the deep perineal pouch

A

Deep transverse perineal muscles

External urethral sphincter

18
Q

What is function of deep transverse muscles

A

Support to anal canal and perineum

19
Q

What glands found in deep perineal pouch?

A

Cowpers gland

Bulbourethral gland

20
Q

Where is the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Between perineal membrane and Colle’s fascia

21
Q

What muscles are found in superficial perineal pouch

A

Superficial transverse muscles
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus

22
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Junction of two triangles: irregular fibrocollagenous mass

23
Q

What attaches to perineal body?

A

Levator ani
Bulbospongiosum
Superficial and deep transverse muscles
External anal and urethral sphincters

24
Q

What makes up glans penis dorsally and ventrally?

A

Dorsal: corpus cavernosa
Ventral: corpus spongiosum

25
Q

What is the proper word for foreskin?

A

Prepuce

26
Q

What vessels are found on dorsal surface of penis?

A

Dorsal vein, artery and nerve

27
Q

Function of Buck’s fascia?

A

Blocks drainage, keeping more blood in penis

28
Q

What is the base of corpus cavernosum called?

A

Crura

29
Q

What does the ischiocavernosus overlie and what is its function?

A

Corpus cavernosus

Compresses crura to keep blood within structure during erection

30
Q

What does bulbospongiosus cover?

A

Bulb of penis

Corpus spongiosum

31
Q

How does parasympathetic nervous system drive an erection?

A

NO release (potent vasodilator)

32
Q

Which part of the penis becomes erect and what stays flacid- why?

A

Corpus cavernosum engorges with blood

Corpus spongiosum remains flaccid to protect the urethra

33
Q

What do Cowpers glands do?

A

Produce pre-ejaculate to ready the urethra for ejaculation

34
Q

How does sympathetic nervous system drive ejaculation?

A

Stimulates smooth muscle in lining of epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate

35
Q

What is the purpose of sphincter of bladder contractions during ejaculation?

A

Prevents ejaculate from going back into bladder

36
Q

What is contained in the vestibule of the vagina?

A

Urethral and vaginal openings

37
Q

What is the perineal raphe?

A

Line from inferior aspect of vagina to anus

38
Q

What is the erectile tissue of the female genitalia?

A

Bulb of vestibule, crura of clitoris

39
Q

What is the function of bulbospongiosus in women?

A

Reduces size of vaginal orifice, compressing dorsal vein of clitoris

Human development (12 decks)

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