Sexual differentiation

Question 1

When does gonadal development of men and women develop?

Answer 1

5-6 weeks

Question 2

What are gonadal ridges?

Answer 2

Embryological precursor to gonads

Question 3

Where do gonadal ridges begin development?

Answer 3

Posterior wall

Question 4

What are Mullerian and Wollfian ducts? Where are they in relation to each other?

Answer 4

Mullerian= female ducts
Wollfian= male ducts

Question 5

Define cloaca

Answer 5

Duct for urinary system and reproductive system

Question 6

What is the first step in male differentation?

Answer 6

Gonads secrete anti-Mullerian hormones at 7-8 weeks- female ducts degenerate

Question 7

Describes how foetal testes descend down to scrotum

Answer 7

Gubernaculum descends on each side of abdomen from inferior pole of gonad
Passes obliquely through abdominal wall at site of future inguinal canal
Pulls testes down, taking layer of anterior abdominal wall with it to form scrotum

Question 8

Define processus vaginalis?

Answer 8

Envagination of peritoneum

Question 9

How is inguinal canal wall formed?

Answer 9

Invagination of peritoneum herniates through abdominal wall along pass formed by gubernaculum

Question 10

Describe state of testes and gubernaculum at birth

Answer 10

Testes: fully descended down posterior abdominal wall and into scrotum
Gubernaculum much smaller

Question 11

What % of newborns testes are in scrotum?

Answer 11

97%

Question 12

Where does the inguinal canal originate and emerge

Answer 12

Originates at deep inguinal ring at midinguinal point

Emerges at superficial inguinal ring

Question 13

Where do testicular vessels originate from?

Answer 13

Abdominal aorta or renal vessels

Question 14

Describe the course of vas deferens as testes descend the scrotum

Answer 14

Vas deferens pulled into inguinal canal
Transverses up spermatid cord, through inguinal canal and into abdomen beneath peritoneum
Passes over bladder and descends down behind it

Question 15

Function of seminal vesicles

Answer 15

Creates spermatid fluid

Sperm can also be stored here

Question 16

Describe the course of the urethra

Answer 16

Passes through prostate
Through deep perineal pouch
Through perineal membrane into superficial pouch

Question 17

Which lobe does prostatic hypertrophy mainly affect?

Answer 17

Median

Question 18

What lobe does prostate cancer usually affect?

Answer 18

Lateral

Question 19

In female development, what do Mullerian ducts grow into?

Answer 19

Oviducts

Question 20

What do growing ends of Mullerian ducts grow into?

Answer 20

Fimbrae of oviducts

Question 21

What prevents the ovaries from fully descending to same extent as male testes?

Answer 21

Fused mullerian ducts form uterus, surrounded by layer of peritoneum
Gubernaculum becomes stuck here preventing further descend of ovaries

Question 22

What is the rectouterine pouch?

Answer 22

Between rectum and vagina

Question 23

Where does ovarian arterial supply come from?

Answer 23

Aorta

Question 24

Where do ovarian veins drain into?

Answer 24

IVC on the right

left renal vein on left

Question 25

How are ovaries attached to back of broad ligament?

Answer 25

BY mesovarium

Question 26

Where do ovaries lie?

Answer 26

Ovarian fossa

Question 27

What are the largest ligaments inserting into cervix?

Answer 27

Tranverse cervical ligaments
Pubocervical
Sacrocervical

Question 28

What is the lumen surrounding the cervix divided into?

Answer 28

Fornices anterior, posterior and two lateral

Question 29

Describe the course of the ureters?

Answer 29

Pass over pelvic brim at bifurcation of common iliac arteries in front of sacroiliac joint
Run on lateral walls of pelvis
Opposite ishial spine, curve anteromedially

Question 30

What gubernaculum is the ovarian ligament?

Answer 30

Cranial

Question 31

What gubernalum is the round ligament?

Answer 31

Caudal

Question 32

What does ovarian ligament connect?

Answer 32

Ovary to uterus

Question 33

What does the round ligament connect?

Answer 33

Uterus to labium majora