Flashcards in 5a Deck (110)
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31
pRBC characteristics
PCV ~ 80%shelf life 20 daysONLY RBCreadily available, low risk overload, reduced exposure to plasma antigens
32
What does plasma contain?
Protein (alb, globulins)Clotting factorsFFP within 6 hr-1yrFP >1yr--no longer has clotting factors
33
What does cryoprecipitate contain
vWf VIIIfibrinogenfibronectin
34
sequele of administering citrate containing blood products too quickly
chelation of Ca and clinical hypoCa
35
optional good products for vWF patients
cryoprecipitate (most effective)FFPplasma donors from dogs treated with desmopressin (DDAVP)
36
dose of DDAVP
1 mcg/kg SQ once before surgeryMOA: induces release of vWF
37
how many dog blood antigens
8 know canine blood antigens
38
how many dogs can tolerate a first blood transfusion
15% have reaction first time85% tolerate first transfusion fine
39
MOA of EACA
epsilon aminocaproic acidEACA binds lysine residues on fibrin-->BLOCKS activation of plasminogen to plasmin-->keeps clot longerantifibrinolytic used to treat greyhound bleeders
40
EACA and amputation in GHMarin 2012
5.7x more likely to bleed without EACA28% delayed post op bleeding GH
41
EACA and gonadectomy in GHMarin 2012
30% bleeding in placebo group/ 10% EACA groupEACA sign decr bleeding post op by increasing clot strength (TEG--MA)
42
feline blood typing
A--DSHB--persian, british, himalayanType A cats rarely have large quantities of antiB antibodiesType B cats OFTEN have STRONG antiA antibodies
43
Why is auto transfused blood not a dependable source of clotting factors
with hemorrhage into a body cavity, all clotting factors and fibrin are rapidly depleted
44
how to perform autotransfusion
mix aspirated blood with 10 ml of CPDA-1 or 3.8% citrate with 90 ml blood
45
anticoagulant used in blood transfusions
CPDA-1citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1
46
potential risks of human albumin transfusion
fatal acute or delayed hypersensitivityvolume overloadcoagulopathyantibody formation (avoid repeat exposures)
47
regulation of Na and serum osmolarity
Osmoreceptors/Baroreceptors sense incr osmolarity or hypovolemiastimulate ADH/Vasopressin releaseJG apparatus RAASincreases aldosteronerenal Na/water retention
48
causes of hypoNa
-hypervolemia (CHF, Nephrotic synd, severe liver dz, kidney failure-normovolemia (psychogenic PD, inappropriate ADH, ADH drugs, myxedema, hypotonic fluid admin-hypovolemia (GI loss--V,d, Third spacing, burns, renal loss--addisons, ADH)
49
correcting low Na too quickly leads to
demyelination and central pontine myelinolysisDO NOT EXCEED 0.5 mEq/L/hr
50
correcting hi Na too quickly
cerebral edemaDO NOT EXCEED 1 mEq/L/hr
51
causes of hyperNa
usually from free water losses--hypovol (GI loss--V,d, Third spacing, burns, renal loss, diuresis)--normovol (Diabetes insipidus, inadequate H2O, incr insensible losses)--hypervol (excessive salt ingestion, HTS, Cushings, hyperaldosterone)
52
calculation of a free water deficit
free water deficit (L) = 0.6 x KG x (Na present/Na normal-1)
53
normal resting membrane potential and cation in charge
intracellular K+--90mV inside the cell relative to outside the cell
54
regulation of body K
GIKidneyTranscellular shifts
55
list two fluids that contain acetate
Plasmalyte-148Norm-R
56
What are side effects of low oncotic pressure
negative effect on wound healingpredispose to bacterial translocationinterstitial edemadecrease tissue perfusionincrease distance for oxygen and nutrients to travel
57
when does K move from extracellular to intracellular
during presence of glucose, insulin, catecholamines, metabolic alkalosis
58
when does K move from IC to EC
during metabolic acidosis, hyperosmolarity
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total body hypoK causes
decreased intake (insufficient diet, K depleted fluids)Increased losses (GI, Renal, drug induced diuretics, Penicillins, amino glycosides, hyperadrenocorticism/aldosteronism--mineralocorticoid excess)Translocation (alkalemia, insulin/glucose, TPN, catecholamines, hyperthyroid, HKPP)
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