Flashcards in 5a Deck (110)
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91
Phosphorous less that < 1 mg/dl leads to what
hemolysis, rhabdomyolysisMost dogs (other than Japanese or Koren--Akita, Shiba Inu, Kindo) have phosphorous independent RBC regulation and may NOT develop hemolysis
92
when does soft tissue mineralization occur with hyperP
Ca x P >> 60-70= soft tissue dystrophic mineralization
93
What is pseudo hyperchloridemia
automated analytical assays measure halides all under Cl(ex. KBr patient)
94
how are brain cells unique when it comes to glucose utilization
brain cells are permeable to glucosedo NOT require insulin to bring into cellsneuronal cells also don't synthesize their own glucose
95
hormones involved in glucose homeostasis
insulin--pancreatic B islet cellsglucagon--pancreatic alpha islet cellscortisolepinephrinegrowth hormone
96
liver role in glucose homeostasis
hypogly conditions:liver is stimulated via glucagon to make glucose (glycogenolysis, gluconeogensis)
97
How do glucometers work
need normal patient (not anemic)whole bloodAnemic patients or serum samples will read erroneously high
98
what is Whipple's triad
low BGclinical signs corresponding to low BGresolution of signs with glucose therapy
99
causes of hypoglycemia
1. excess insulin (iatrogenic, insulinoma, paraneoplastic, toxins-xylitol)2. increased glucose utilization (infection, exercise induced, paraneoplastic, pregnancy, polycythemia)3. decreased glucose production (liver fail, pediatric, toy breed, PSS, counter regulatory hormone deficiency, Addison
100
paraneoplastic hypoglycemia
hepatomashepatocellular carcinomas leimyomas/myosarcomas
101
Drugs/toxins that cause hypoglycemia
sulfonylureasbeta blockersinsulin overdosexylitol
102
tx hypoglycemia
dextrose bolus (0.5-1.0 g/kg) diluted 1:1 to prevent phlebitis(can worsen insulinomas)GCC, frequent meals
103
how common is stress induced hyperglycemia
16% critically ill dogs54% critically ill cats
104
discuss the mechanisms by which hyperglycemia has adverse effects on the body
1. osmotic force--can pull IC fluids out2. increased glucose goes into urine and osmotic diuresis occurs dehydrating patients 3. tissue damage (retinopathies, heart attacks, renal dz)
105
T/Fprogesterone causes hyperglycemia
TRUEP causes hyperglycemia during diestrus
106
in insulinoma patients ________administration may be more harmful and instead __________administration is used
dextrose is harmful because stimulates more insulinconsider glucagon CRI
107
what is the molecular weight of albumin and its half life
69,000 daltons16 hours
108
what is colloid oncotic pressure of plasma vs HES
plasma 25 mm HgHES 30 mm Hg
109
Aarnes et al AJVR 2009 administration of HES rather than LRS is recommended for treatment of isoflurane induced hypotension in dogs
TRUE
110
