5a - uk human

Question 1

define rural settlement?

Answer 1

settlements with less than 10 000 inhabitants (in the context of the UK)

Question 2

define conurbation?

Answer 2

when a city has expanded outwards and absorbed smaller settlements that used to be separate

Question 3

define urban core?

Answer 3

the central part of a conurbation : high population density

Question 4

define urban fringe

Answer 4

the settlement areas around the edge of the urban core : lower pop. density

Question 5

define population density

Answer 5

the number of people PER SQUARE KILOMETER

Question 6

what are some economic differences between the urban core and rural places?

Answer 6

• rural : more people working in the primary sector (agriculture, forestry and fishing)
• rural : lower average wages
• many of those living in rural areas work in urban areas anyway

Question 7

what are the EU and UK’s policies to reduce economic differences betwen urban and rural places?

Answer 7

• the EU’s European Regional Development Fund - £2.6 billion invested by EU in businesses in poorer regions to help them grow
• Enterprise Zones by UK, which are tax cuts to attract businesses to specific regions, plus superfast broadbrand

Question 8

how has immigration changed in the UK?

Answer 8

• in the past 50 years, people born outside the UK living there has increased by 10%
• in 2015 alone, net migration was estimated at 336 000

Question 9

what is the age structure of the UK?

Answer 9

• currently, the most populated age group in both males and females is between 45-55
• it is changing though, because most immigrants are young and therefore more likely to have children

Question 10

what is the UK’s immigration policy?

Answer 10

• currently, the UK’s gov. is trying to reduce the level of net migration to 100 000 people a year
• however, the UK is a member of the European Economic Area, from where the government cannot restrict citizens from

Question 11

how has industry changed in the UK?

Answer 11

• some regions that depended on primary and secondary sectors have become successful tertiary centres
• in the past 50 years tertiary has become the most abundant industry and quarternary has also appeared

Question 12

how has the coal industry changed in the UK?

Answer 12

• some regions in the UK have had a long history of coal mining, depending on it for work - e.g south wales, and the north east
• coal mines have since been closed - as it is cheaper to import, and to place new service industries, such as warehousing

Question 13

define globalisation?

Answer 13

the process by which trade and investment build more and more connections between countries

Question 14

define foreign direct investment (FDI)?

Answer 14

when people in one country invest in businesses in another country to the extent that they gain significant control over how those businesses are run

Question 15

define transnational corporations (TNCs)?

Answer 15

businesses run from one country that have control over enterprises in other countries

Question 16

why has FDI in the UK increased?

Answer 16

• money can be moved electronically around the world, so globalisation is strong in banking
• trade deals with developed and emerging countries make imports and exports cheaper and easier AND create jobs
• UK gov. have encouraged FDI by privatising industries and allowing foreign companies to buy them

Question 17

advantages and disadvantages of TNCs?

Answer 17

• • investment: creates jobs
• • innovation: new technologies
• • security: problems abroad might mean production getting shut down - job losses
• • competition: TNCs may outcompete UK companies