5D: Biological and Organic Molecules Flashcards
Which essential fatty acids must be obtained from diet?
- linolenic and linoleic acid
- excess carbs converted to palmitic acid
What acts as a nucleophile in Gabriel synthesis? (formation of amino acid)
the nitrogen of the Phthalimide molecule acts as nucleophile and attacks electrophilic secondary carbon of alkyl halide
Which mechanism produces a racemic mixture?
SN1 mechanism due to intermediate formed from carbocation which is then attacked by nucleophile on either side
Why do inert gases not exhibit an IR spectrum?
Since they are symmetrical they give no dipole movement and no bond vibrations
units for 0th, 1st, and 2nd order
0th- m/s
1st- 1/s
2nd- 1/ms
Tollens Reagent will turn positive for which functional groups?
- reducing sugars (monosaccharide) contain aldehydes
- ketones and sucrose will not react
Protein secondary structure characterized by what type of hydrogen bonds?
backbone amide protons and carbonyl oxygens
Where is the anomeric carbon?
C1 (where alpha and beta derivatives are)
beta-oxidation
fatty acid broken down into acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2
Chloride shift
Increased CO2 leads to increased [bicarbonate] so more Cl- enter cell
Lipids are represented by what type of R group?
acyl chains
What are the enzymes which cause irreversible reactions in glycolysis?
glucokinase, PFK-1, and pyruvate kinase
What are the products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH
What are the products of Krebs Cycle?
3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP per glucose
How is acetyl-coa formed?
pyruvate dehydrogenase
