6

Question 1

the ability to cause disease by overcoming host defenses

Answer 1

Pathogenicity

Question 2

degree of pathogenicity

Answer 2

virulence

Question 3

epithelium lining the respiratory tract,GIT,GUT, and conjunctiva

Answer 3

mucous membranes

Question 4

portals of entry for mucous membranes

Answer 4

GIT
Respiratory tract - Most frequent

Question 5

impenetrable by most microorganisms

Answer 5

unbroken skin

Question 6

bore through intact skin

Answer 6

hookworm

Question 7

grow on keratin in skin or infect skin itself

Answer 7

fungi

Question 8

direct deposition into tissues beneath the skin or into mucous membranes
when penetrated or injured

Answer 8

parenteral

Question 9

what are the number of invading microbes

Answer 9

ID50
LD50

Question 10

bind surface receptors
(usually mannose) on the cells of certain
host tissues

Answer 10

Adhesins/Ligands

Question 11

glycocalyx

Answer 11

streptococcus mutans

Question 12

fimbriae

Answer 12

actinomyces
Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 13

Fimbriae and pili

Answer 13

Escherichia coli

Question 14

fimbriae, opacity associated proteins

Answer 14

Neisseriae gonorrhoeae

Question 15

tapered end as hook

Answer 15

Treponema pallidum

Question 16

produces adhesins that bind to aminin and fibronectin on skin cells

Answer 16

staphylococcus aureus

Question 17

converts fibrinogen to fibrin that coagulates the blood
to protect bacteria from phagocytosis and defenses

Answer 17

Coagulase

Question 18

breaks down fibrin and digests clots

Answer 18

kinase

Question 19

Fibrinolysin/streptokinase – produced by Streptococcus
pyogenes

Answer 19

kinase

Question 20

hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid, which holds together cells
in connective tissues

Answer 20

Hyaluronidase

Question 21

breaks down collagen in connective tissues

Answer 21

Collagenase

Question 22

destroy IgA

Answer 22

IgA protease

Question 23

prevents phagocytic cells from adhering to the bacterium

Answer 23

capsule

Question 24

can induce antibody production and subsequent opsonization

Answer 24

capsule

Question 25

a heat-resistant and acid-resistant protein produced by Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 25

M protein

Question 26

mediates attachment of bacterium to host epithelial cells and helps resist phagocytosis

Answer 26

M protein

Question 27

waxy lipid that makes up the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 27

Mycolic acid

Question 28

resists digestion by phagocytes, and allow bacterial multiplication inside phagocytes

Answer 28

Mycolic acid

Question 29

aggregate of interactive bacteria attached to a solid surface or to each other and encased in an exopolysaccharide matrix

Answer 29

biofilms

Question 30

what microorganism kills phagocytes with there EPS

Answer 30

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 31

process by which pathogens can alter surface antigens

Answer 31

antigenic variation

Question 32

body mounts an adaptive immune response against a pathogen, the pathogen has already altered its antigens and is unaffected by the antibodies

Answer 32

antigenic variation

Question 33

live and grow in the hostile environment within PMNs, macrophages, or monocytes

Answer 33

intracellular pathogenicity

Question 34

using the host nutrients

Answer 34

siderophores

Question 35

take the iron away from iron-transport proteins (e.g. lactoferrin, transferrin, ferritin, hemoglobin) by binding the iron even more tightly

Answer 35

Siderophones

Question 36

iron-siderophore complexes are taken up by siderophore receptors on the bacterial surface into the bacterium

Answer 36

siderophores

Question 37

can induce host epithelial cells toengul them similarly to phagocytosis and causes cells to rupture

Answer 37

Direct damage

Question 38

poisonous substances that are produced by certain microorganisms

Answer 38

toxins

Question 39

primary factor contribute to pathogenicity

Answer 39

toxins

Question 40

capacity to produce toxins

Answer 40

toxigenicity

Question 41

presence of toxins in the blood

Answer 41

toxemia

Question 42

caused by the presence of a toxin; not by microbial growth

Answer 42

intoxications

Question 43

two types of toxins

Answer 43

Endotoxins Exotoxins

Question 44

released during bacterial multiplication and when gram-(-) bacteria undergo lysis

Answer 44

endotoxins

Question 45

do not promote the formation of effective antitoxins

Answer 45

endotoxins

Question 46

a sensitive test to identify the presence of endotoxins in drugs, medical devices, and body fluids

Answer 46

Bacterial Endotoxin test

Question 47

what is bacterial Endotoxin test also known as?

Answer 47

Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Assay (LAL)

Question 48

secreted into the outside medium or released following lysis and are produces by both gram Negative and positive bacteria

Answer 48

exotoxins

Question 49

soluble in body fluids and can easily diffuse into the blood and are rapidly transported

Answer 49

exotoxins

Question 50

antibodies that provide immunity to exotoxins

Answer 50

antitoxins

Question 51

exotoxins inactivated by heat or by formaldehyde, iodine, or other chemicals

Answer 51

Toxoids

Question 52

used as vaccines to induce immunity (antitoxin production), but not cause disease

Answer 52

Toxoids

Question 53

A: enzyme component (toxic) B: binding component are 2 polypeptides

Answer 53

A-B toxins

Question 54

causes lysis of host cells by disrupting their plasma membrane

Answer 54

membrane-disrupting toxins

Question 55

kill phagocytes by forming protein channels

Answer 55

leukocidins

Question 56

kills erythrocyte by forming protein channes

Answer 56

hemolysins

Question 57

produced by streptococci

Answer 57

streptolysins

Question 58

produced by Listeria monocygenes

Answer 58

membrane-attack complexes

Question 59

resistance to antibotics

Answer 59

Plasmids