6

Question 1

for/inc of C1

Answer 1

alare, transversus and vert lat

Question 2

C1 no body:

Answer 2

fovea art caud/cran instead

Question 3

dors and ventr what on C1

Answer 3

tubercule and arcus

Question 4

dens of axis

Answer 4

fac art dors+ventr and apex

Question 5

proc spin of C2: interspecies

Answer 5

Ca: undivided
Eq: divided
Su: triangular
Ru: rectangular

Question 6

C2 proc and foramen

Answer 6

proc transversus(small) and for transversus
proc art cran et caud

Question 7

art atlantooccipitalis type

Answer 7

• 2 ellipsoidal joints btw condyles and fovea, two joint capsules that may comminicate in ca

Question 8

art atlantooccipitalis ligs

Answer 8

lig lateralia btw proc paracond and ala

memrana atlatoocc dors et ventr: strengthen joint capsule

Question 9

art atlantoaxialis type

Answer 9

pivot joint btw dens and fovea dentis

fac art cran and fovea art caud

Question 10

rotation of head

Answer 10

atlas and head rotate along axis of dens

Question 11

ligaments of art atlantoaxiale

Answer 11

membrana atlantoax (strengthen capsule)

lig atlantoax dors et ventr:

• tub ventr - crista ventr
• tub dors - proc spinosus

Question 12

ligaments of art atlantoaxiale only in ca

Answer 12

lig alare dentis: dens -> cond occ

lig transversarium atlantis -> over dens inside transversely

Question 13

ligaments of art atlantoaxiale only in EQ

Answer 13

lig longitudinale dentis fans out from dens transversely

like lig transv atl in CA

Question 14

articulations in rest of cervical vertebrae

Answer 14

plana joint: NO synovial joints

intervertebral discs act as buffer

Question 15

articulations in rest of cervical vertebrae short ligaments

Answer 15

lig flava - btw arches
lig interspinalia - replaced with muscle in CA
lig intertransversaria

Question 16

articulations in rest of cervical vertebrae long ligaments

Answer 16

lig longitudinale dorsale

• on floor of vert canal from dens to sacrum(cocc in ca)
• attach to bodies and intervert discs

lig nuchae->lig supraspinale until sacrum

Question 17

C3-C7

Answer 17

gradually diminish in length, long in eq

proc tr: divided into dorsal and ventral tubercle

Question 18

C6

Answer 18

enlargement of tub ventr: lamina ventr

Question 19

c7

Answer 19

small surf for articulation for 1st rib, highest proc. spinosus

Question 20

4 muscles directly or indirectly moving the head

Answer 20

1. sternocephalicus
2. brachiocephalicus
3. longissimus capitis
4. semispinalis capitis (biventer and complexus)

Question 21

8 specific activator muscles of the head

Answer 21

btw cervical verterae and occipital bone

m. rectur capitis dors minor/major
m. rectus capitis lat/ventr
m. oblicus capitis cran/caud
m. longus capitis
m. splenius capitis