6: Bones

Question 1

3 main bone cell types

Answer 1

Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast

Question 2

2 types of ossification

Answer 2

Endochondral- most bones, long bones, from hyaline cartilage

Intramembranous- flat bones, from fibrous membranes

Question 3

Growth hormone

Answer 3

Released from pituitary to stimulate epiphyseal plate

Question 4

Thyroid hormone

Answer 4

Regulates growth hormone to ensure proper proportions

Question 5

Minerals in bones

Answer 5

Calcium and phosphate that we absorb from mom in utero

Question 6

Vitamin D3

Answer 6

Helps absorb calcium
Comes from epidermis in UV light
Lack of causes osteomalacia or rickets

Question 7

Vitamin A and C

Answer 7

Provide support to osteoblasts

Question 8

4 types of hormones

Answer 8

Growth
Thyroid
Sex
Calcium balancing

Question 9

What increases calcium levels

Answer 9

Calcitriol and parathyroid

Question 10

What decreases calcium

Answer 10

Calcitonin

Question 11

What is the outcome of large changes in calcium

Answer 11

Seizures and death

Question 12

3 types of joints

Answer 12

Fibrous
Cartilage
Synovial

Question 13

3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 13

Sutures- skull
Syndesmoses- tibia to fibula and ulna to radius
Gomphoses- teeth

Question 14

Cartilaginous joints types

Answer 14

Synchondrones- 1st rib tips sternum or epiphyseal plate

Symphyses- vertebrae

Question 15

6 types of synovial joints

Answer 15

Gliding- wrist 
Hinge- elbow 
Pivot- neck 
Condylar- hand 
Saddle- thumb 
Ball and socket- hip

Question 16

Knee ligaments

Answer 16

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament

Lateral and medial meniscus

Question 17

Flexion

Answer 17

Decrease angle between 2 long bones

Question 18

Extension

Answer 18

Back to anatomical position

Question 19

Hyperextension

Answer 19

Past anatomical position

Question 20

Abduction

Answer 20

Away from midline

Question 21

Addiction

Answer 21

Toward midline

Question 22

Circumduction

Answer 22

Move limb in circle

Question 23

Pronation

Answer 23

Palm down

Question 24

Supination

Answer 24

Palm up

Question 25

Head rotation

Answer 25

Face left to right

Question 26

Inversion

Answer 26

Sickle foot

Question 27

Eversion

Answer 27

Bevel foot

Question 28

Opposition

Answer 28

Thumb to palm

Question 29

Reposition

Answer 29

Thumb return to normal

Question 30

Dorsiflexion

Answer 30

Flex foot

Question 31

Plantar flexion

Answer 31

Point toes

Question 32

Depression

Answer 32

Move jaw down

Question 33

Elevation

Answer 33

Move jaw up

Question 34

Lateral flexion

Answer 34

Whole head left to right

Question 35

8 bones in cranium

Answer 35

``` Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Parietal 2 Temporal 2 Occipital ```

Question 36

14 bones in face

Answer 36

``` Mandible Vomer Nasal 2 Lacrimal 2 Nasal concha 2 Maxilla 2 Palatine 2 Zygomatic 2 ```

Question 37

4 paranasal sinuses

Answer 37

Frontal Ethmoidal Sphenoidal Maxillary

Question 38

Ribs

Answer 38

1-7 true 8-10 false 11-12 free floating