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Computer Science > (6) Computer Systems > Flashcards

(6) Computer Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of classification software?

A

System Software, Application Software

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of System software?

A

Operating System, Utility Programs, Library Programs, Programming Translators

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of Application Software?

A

Bespoke Software- made for a custom tasks

Generic off the shelf software-Designed to complete a broad range of tasks

Special Purpose (ready made)-Made for one particular task

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4
Q

What are operating systems and what is the function of it?

A

A program that designed to hide the complexities of hardware from the user.

Manages the operations of the computer for the user, acts as a bridge between the user and computers hardware.

Eg. Windows, MacOS, iOS

Function

  • Moving data into and out of Ram
  • Allocate I/O devices to processes
  • Decides which process to carry out
  • Disk fragmentation

Allocate processors/cores to processes // schedule processes // decide which process to
carry out when;
Allocate memory/RAM to processes // moving data into and out of RAM / to a paging file
for virtual memory // ensuring processes can only write to memory that they have been
allocated;
Allocate I/O devices to processes // manages communication between processes and I/O
devices // automatic installation of drivers for new I/O devices; A. examples of devices
NE. manages I/O devices
Allocate space on a storage device to files // organising files into directories // determines
where on a device to save a file // recognising storage devices when they are connected;
A. defragmentation of disks NE. saving a file
Installation of new software // automatic/managing updating of software;
A. “programs” or “tasks” for “processes”
R. handling interrupts
R. hides complexity
Note: Students must describe the type of resource management – phrases such as
“processor management”, “allocating memory” etc are not enough.

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5
Q

What are Utility programs and examples of it?

A

Small programs with one specific purpose that is designed to optimise the performance of the computer.

  • Disk Defragmenter
  • Virus Checker
  • Backing up files
  • compressing or decompressing data
  • encrypting data
  • providing a firewall
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6
Q

What are library programs and examples of it?

A

Ready compiled programs which can be run when needed.

-Maths calculations

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7
Q

What are programming translators and examples of it?

A

Converts program code by a programmer into machine code which can be run by the computer

-Compilers, Interpreter, Assembly

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8
Q

What is System Software?

A
  • Software that is needed to run the computers hardware and application programs
  • Software that performs tasks to run computer;
  • Layer of software which enables user to operate computer;
  • Software that hides complexity of computer from user/provides virtual machine;
  • Software that lets user communicate with/manage hardware;
  • Software to run applications/hardware/programs/computer/ packages;
  • Software required to make computer work;-
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9
Q

What is Application Software?

A

Software that carries out tasks that the user is interested in doing such as writing a letter, creating graphs, sending an email or downloading a webpage.

Performs tasks for the user

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10
Q

Define Software and Hardware?

A

Hardware is all the physical components that make up a computer

Software is the programs that run on a computer

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11
Q

How does a operating system manages memory management?

A

It manages how much RAM a program has access to which allows multiple applications to run simultaneously.

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12
Q

How does a operating system manages processor scheduling?

A

Involves deciding what order to execute each instruction in. Only executes one instruction at a time

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13
Q

How does a operating system manages peripherals?

A

The OS uses device drivers to communicate with I/O devices connected to the computer system.

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14
Q

What is 1st generation language and its level?

A

(Low Level)

Machine Code - A line of code (1’s & 0’s) split into opcode and operand

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15
Q

What is 2nd generation language and its level?

A

(Low Level)

Assembly Language - The opcode is mnemonics and the operand is decimal/ hexadecimal

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16
Q

What is 3rd and 4th generation language and its level?

A

(Both High Level)
High level language - E.g. C#, Java etc

Declarative Language - You state what you want, not how to do it

17
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of high level languages compared to a low level language?

A

+Relatively easy to learn
+Easier and quicker to write in high level language
+Capable of running on multiple different computers

-Requires a compiler to run

18
Q

What are the 3 different types of programming translators?

A

Compiler, Interpreter, Assembler

19
Q

What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

A
  • A compiler produces object code whilst an interpreter does not
  • A compiler translates the whole of the source code into object code whilst an interpreter translates line by line

-The object code produced by a compiler will execute faster, (once it is compiled) than
interpreting the source code (every time the program is run)

-An interpreter can run (syntactically correct) parts of a program whilst there are
syntax errors in other parts of it, which a compiler cannot;

20
Q

What is inputted into a compiler and assembler and outputted?

A

Source code goes in; object code comes out

21
Q

What is an assembler? i.e. what does it do?

A

It converts low level language into the correct machine code

22
Q

List advantages of a compiler over interpreters?

A
  • Object code executes faster than interpreted code

- Object code is more secure as it cannot be read

23
Q

Compiler and interpreter. Describe situations in which each would be appropriate.

A 
Compiler
-Games/ Movies
-
Interpreter
-To debug code
-
24
Q

What is virtual memory?

A
25
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of low level languages compared to a high level language?

A

+Can run faster
+

26
Q

What is imperative high level language and its relationship to low level language?

A
27
Q

What is a edge triggered D type flip flop and what is it used for?

A

A flip flop is an elemental sequential logic circuit that can store one bit and flip between two states, 0 and 1.

Used for creating registers and counters

28
Q

What is bytecode?***

A

A combination of compiling and interpreting which can be executed by a bytecode interpreter

29
Q

What are all the logit gates and what do they look like?

A

Except XNOR

N

30
Q

What does a half adder look like?

A

Computer Science (15 decks)

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