Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Computer Science > (9) Coms & Network > Flashcards

(9) Coms & Network Flashcards

1
Q

What is serial transmission?

A

Serial - Single bits are sent along a single wire one after the other at a time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of serial transmission?

A

+Reliable over long distance
+Reduced cost as less wires are required
+Reduced chance of skew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is parallel transmission?

A

Parallel - Single bits are sent along several wires simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of parallel transmission?

A

+Ideal for short distances
+

  • Close wires can cause a corruption
  • Prone to skew (Timing issues)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is synchronous data transmission with an example?

A

When data is transferred at a regular intervals synchronised by a clock pulse

E.g Chats and video

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is asynchronous data transmission with an example?

A

When data is sent separately and as soon as they are ready

E.g keyboard and mouse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Synchronous V Asynchronous

A
  • Asynchronous is slower due to the extra bits and gaps
  • Asynchronous can transmit when ready as it doesn’t need to wait on a clock pulse
  • Synchronous may have to wait for a clock pulse before it can be sent
  • Synchronous requires a synchronised clock between devices which can be difficult
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of start and stop bits in asynchronous transmissions?

A

They are a bit used to indicate the start and the end of a set of data in asynchronous data transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is baud rate?

A

The number of times a signal in a communication changes state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is bit rate?

A

The number of bits transferred between devices per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

A measure of maximum capacity of a given transmission channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is latency?

A

The time delay between when a transmission data is first sent to when its delivered at its destination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a protocol?

A

A set of rules that govern communication between devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s the relationship between bit rate and bandwidth?

A

The relationship between bandwidth and bit rate is directly proportional: the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted over a channel, the more bits can be transmitted per second.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a bus topology?

A

All computers are connected to a single wire with terminals at each end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a star topology?

A

When computers are centred around a node (switch) each connected with their own cable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a bus topology?

A

+Inexpensive as it requires less cables

  • Reliant on main cable
  • Performance degrades with increased traffic
  • Low security as all computers on the networks can see data transmissions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a star topology?

A

+If one cable fails it only affects that one computer
+Performance stays consistent as more computers are added

  • Cost as more cables
  • If the switch breaks down the whole network goes down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is peer to peer networking and when they might be used?

A

No central server. All clients have equal responsibility so each computer can act as both a client or a server

E.g small businesses, home networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is client server networking and when they might be used?

A

When a device (client) requests access to resources and services from a central server

Eg schools - students as clients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of peer to peer networking?

A

+If a node goes down only the data on that node is lost
+Easily share files

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a client-server networking?

A

+Increased security
+Backups can be done for all clients
+Data can be shared

  • Expensive to install and manage
  • Professional IT staff are required to maintain the servers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the purpose of Wi-Fi?

A

Allows you to transfer data between devices without cables components being required for a wireless network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What components are required for wireless networking?

A

Each device must have a wireless network interface card (NIC) to be able to connect to a wireless access point (WAP). The WAP allows devices to connect to a wired network (internet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the difference between thin and thick clients?
Thin clients - Majority of the processing and storage is done on the server Thick clients - Majority of the processing and storage is done on the client
26
What are the advantages and disadvantages of thin clients?
+Software updates can be done once on a server and automatically end up on every client +Easy to set up and maintain e.g. adding a new terminal to the network +Much more secure as all data is stored in one place - Very reliant on the central server - Can be expensive as it requires a powerful and reliable central server - High demand on bandwidth
27
What are the advantages and disadvantages of thick clients?
+Reliable +Can operate without a continuous connection to the server +Preferred when running heavy duty software - Expensive as each client may need a higher specification (better computer) - Time consuming when installing new software
28
What is the transmission control protocol/ internet protocol (TCP/ IP) and the 4 layers?
It's 4 layers required to allow data to be transmitted across the internet Application, Transport, Network, Link
29
What is the application layer in the TCP/ IP?
Selects the appropriate protocol for communication E.g FTP, HTTP/S, POP3
30
What is the transport layer in the TCP/ IP?
Creates an end to end connection and splits the data into packets and numbers them
31
What is the network layer in the TCP/ IP?
Adds the source and destination IP address and routers use the IPs to route the packets to the destination
32
What is the link layer in the TCP/ IP?
The physical connection between the nodes and adds the source and destination MAC addresses
33
What are MAC addresses and where is it used in the TCP/IP?
A unique code that's physically hardcoded on every NIC during manufacturing. Used in the link layer of the TCP/IP
34
What is a firewall?
Hardware or software for protecting against unauthorised access to a network
35
What is a proxy server?
Inspects all packets coming in and out of a network while hiding the network addresses of the source from the recipient
36
What is packet filtering?
Examining the contents of packets on a network and rejecting them if they don't meet certain requirements
37
What is stateful inspection?
Examining the contents of packets on a network and rejecting them if they don't form part of a recognised communication
38
What is a worm?
Malware that can replicate itself and spreads around a computer -
39
What is a trojan?
Malware that is hidden within another file on your computer
40
What is a virus?
Malware where the program attaches itself to another file in order to invest a computer
41
What are the vulnerabilities that malware take advantage of?
- Human error - System bugs - People turning off their firewalls or failing to update their virus protection
42
What is subnet masking?
A method of dividing a network into multiple smaller networks
43
What are well-known ports and what are they used for?
They are common ports that are used to launch various applications related to their protocols
44
What are client ports and what are they used for?
A port that is temporarily assigned for the duration of a connection Establishes the connection between the client and server application\*\*\*\*\*
45
What is the use of the FTP protocol and its number?
File Transfer Protocol 20 - A protocol for handling file uploads and downloads
46
What is the use of the HTTP protocol and its number?
Hypertext Transfer Protocol 80 - A protocol used for exchanging web-pages
47
What is the use of the HTTPS protocol and its number? What is the acronym?
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure 443 - A protocol used for exchanging secure web-pages
48
What is the use of the POP3 protocol and its number?
Post office Protocol 110 - A protocol for receiving emails
49
What is the use of the SMTP protocol and its number?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 25 - A protocol for sending emails
50
What is the use of the SSH protocol and its number? What is acronym?
Secure Shell 22 - A protocol that provides secure remote access to a server
51
How is SSH used for remote management?
- Client indicates the connection to the server - Server sends public key - Client and server agree communication rules - User can now login remotely
52
What is the FTP Client?
A software application that works with the FTP protocol to allow users to easily interact with it instead of learning the appropriate commands to use
53
What does anonymous and non-anonymous access mean in regards to FTP servers?
Anonymous - FTP site/ server doesn't require a login information Non-anonymous - FTP site/ server does require a login information
54
What are the two types of IP addresses?
v4 and v6
55
What is IPv6 and why was it introduced?
The internet was was massively growing so IPv4 (32 bits) was no longer enough, soIPv6 (128 bits) was introduced to allow for a greater range of custom IP addresses
56
What is the difference between routable (public) and non-routable (private) IP addresses?
Routable - Can be connected directly to the internet - It is globally unique Non-routable IP - Can be accessed directly from the internet - Many devices may have the same address - More secure as its not directly connected to the internet
57
What is the purpose and function of the DHCP system?
A set a rules for allocating locally unique IP addresses to devices as they connect to a network
58
What is NAT and why is it used?
Used to match up the private IP addresses with the public ones
59
What layer in the TCP/ IP stack does the router operate?
Network
60
What is a router and where and why is it used?\*\*
A device that connects two or more devices together and forwards data packets between networks Used for: Internet access Where: Homes Offices
61
What is the role of packet switching?
A method of sending data across a network to reach a destination
62
What is a gateway and where and why is it used?
A node that sits between different networks and converts data from one protocol to another Used to: Connect two different company networks together Provide a house user access to the internet
63
What are the main components of a data packet and what does each part contain?
Header - Source and destination IP and Mac address, Packet and sequence number Payload - The actual data itself Trailer - A checksum to ensure that the data has been received correctly
64
What is a uniform resource locator (URL)?
A method of identifying the location of resources on the internet
65
What are the 5 components of a URL?
Https://stephanbarnes.com/alevel/computing/flashcards Host, FQDN, Domain Name, Location, Resource
66
What is a fully qualified domain name (FQDN)?
The complete domain name that identifies a specific host on the internet. It includes the host server name along with the domain name Eg www.stephanbarnes.com
67
What is an IP address?
A unique address that is assigned to a network device
68
What is a domain name?
Identifies the location of the the resource on the internet. Identifies organisations or groups on the internet
69
How are domain names organised?
They are organised in a hierarchy
70
What is a node?
Any system or device connected to a network
71
What is the formula for bitrate?
Baud Rate \* Number of Bits per Baud
72
What is the purpose of a Domain Name System (DNS)?
To link a fully qualifies domain name (FQDN) to an IP address
73
What is the service provided by internet registers and why are they needed?
74
Describe the structure of the internet
75
What is the purpose and function of the domain service and its relevance on the domain name server (DNS) system?
76
How is routing achieved across the internet?
77
Describe one situation when a DNS query will not be sent to a remote DNS server.
The local computer already has a copy of the IP address in a host file.

Computer Science (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions