6. control of gene expression

Question 1

nucleosome remodellor

Answer 1

can open chromatin so activator can bind

Question 2

compactin protein

Answer 2

can close chromatin so activator can’t bind

Question 3

pioneer trans factor

Answer 3

writers, erasers, readers

Question 4

epigenetics

Answer 4

any potentially stable and heritable change in gene expression that occurs without DNA sequence change

Question 5

research questions that can be answered by ChIP

Answer 5

• which genes are currently being transcribed?
• where does an activator bind to genomic DNA?
• Which regions of genomic DNA have specific histone tail mods?
• where in the genomic DNA are histone-tails currently being modified?

Question 6

alternative splicing

Answer 6

• combining different exons/introns for a gene in an mRNA
• produces different mRNAs and proteins from one gene
  common: exon skipping, intron inclusion

Question 7

human alternative splicing importance

Answer 7

humans have ~20,000 protein-coding genes and 100,000 proteins.

Question 8

amount of protein translated influenced by

Answer 8

• mRNA stability/half-life
• translational efficiency

Question 9

factors influencing mRNA stability and translation efficiency

Answer 9

• mRNA in the cytoplasm
• RNA interference
• long non-coding RNA

Question 10

acetylation

Answer 10

• on lysine in histone tails
• NH3(+) -> NHac
• writer - HAT
• eraser - HDAC

Question 11

methylation

Answer 11

• on lysine and arginine in histone tails
• NH3(+) -> NH2me+ -> NH1me2(+) -> Nme3(+)
• writer: HMTase
• eraser: HDM
• alter protein interactions based on how many methyl groups