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LCRS Y2: Anatomy of the limbs > 6. Hip, Buttock and Thigh > Flashcards

6. Hip, Buttock and Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the yellow, purple and red bones of the pelvis

A

Yellow = ilium

Purple = ischium

Red = pubis

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2
Q

Where is the femur most frequently fractured?

A

Intertrochanteric line

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3
Q

Where is the adductor tubercle?

A

Just superior to the medial chondyle

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4
Q

Name the 3 lines seen on the shaft of the femur posteriorly

A

Medial suprachondylar

Lateral suprachondylar

Linea aspera

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5
Q

What lies between the chondyles of the femur?

A

Interchondylar fossa

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6
Q

Which 2 axes form the agle of inclination in the femur?

A

Long axis of shaft

Long axis of head and neck

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7
Q

What 2 categories of muscles are found in the gluteal region? Name the 4 muscles of each category

A

Gluteal:

  1. Gluteus maximus
  2. Gluteus medius
  3. Gluteus Minimus
  4. Tensor fasciae latae

Short external hip rotators:

  1. Piriformis (key one to know)
  2. Obturator internus
  3. Gemelli
  4. Quadratus femoris
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8
Q

Describe the attachments of the gluteal muscles to the pelvis

A

Proximal attachments:

  • All Gluteus muscles attach to ilium
  • Max = most superior and smallest attachment
  • Medius and then minimus attach inferiorly with larger areas of attachment
  • TFL attaches to anterior part of iliac crest and ASIS

Distal attachments:

  • G. maximus = mostly iliotibial tract, also gluteal tuberosity
  • G. medius and minimus = lateral trochanter of femur
  • TFL = iliotibial tract
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9
Q

What are the 3 key functions of the gluteal muscles?

A

Extension

Abduction

External (lateral) rotation

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10
Q

What are the main functions of the ecternal rotators of the gluteal region?

A

Laterally rotate extended thigh

Abduct flexed thigh

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11
Q

Recall the attachments of piriformis

A

Proximal: Sacrotuberous ligament and sacrum (anterior)

Distal: Greater trochanter of femur

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12
Q

Recall the attachments of obturator internus

A

Proximal = obturator membrane

Distal = greater trochanter

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13
Q

Recall the attachments of quadratus femoris

A

Proximal: ischial tuberosity

Distal: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest

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14
Q

What is the main function of gluteus maximus?

A

Thigh extension

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15
Q

What is the main function of glutues medius and minimus anf TFL?

A

Abduct and medially rotate thigh

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16
Q

Name 3 bursae found in the gluteal region

A

Trochanteric

Gluteofemoral

ischial

17
Q

Recall the muscles seen in the deep compartment of the gluteal region working from gluteus medius inferiorly

A

Guteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Piriformis

Obturator internus

Gemelli

Quadratus femoris

18
Q

Recall the distal attachment of the quadriceps

A

Tibial tuberosity

19
Q

What is the general function of each of the compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior: flex hip, extend kneww

Medial: adduct hip

Posterior; extend hip, flex knee

20
Q

Recall the muscles of each compartment of the thigh

A

Anterior: Quads, Iliopsoas, Pectineus, Sartorius

Medial: Adductor longus/ brevis/ magnus, obturator internus, gracilis

Posterior: Biceps femoris, Semimembranous, Semitendinous

21
Q

Name each of the quadricep muscles and recall the nerve supply

A

Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis/ medialis and intermedius

Femoral nerve

22
Q

Describe the shape of sartorius and its attachments

A

Shape = strap muscle

Proximal attachment = ASIS

Distal attachment = superior part of medial tibia

23
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Superior = inguinal ligament

Medial = Adductor longus

Lateral = sartorius

24
Q

Where does the patellar ligament distally attach?

A

Tibial tuberosty

25
Q

Recall the muscles seen in superficial anterior view of the thigh from lateral to medial

A

Vastus lateralis

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

Gracilis

26
Q

What runs in the adductor canal?

A

Femoral artery and vein

Saphenous nerve

27
Q

Describe the layers of fascia in the thigh

A

Superficial = subcut tissue

Deep = fascia lata

28
Q

Describe the pathway of the sciatic nerve

A

Passes through greater sciatic foramen

Cross inferior medial quadrant of buttock

Passes down posterior aspect of thigh

29
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial

Common peroneal

30
Q

What is supplied by the sciatic nerve?

A

Hamstrings and muscles below knee

31
Q

Which quadrant of the buttock should be used for IM injection?

A

Superior lateral

LCRS Y2: Anatomy of the limbs (7 decks)

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