6. Inheritance, Genes, & Chromosomes Part 1

Question 1

there are #___ hypotheses that state why offspring ressemble their parents what are they called?

Answer 1

2
Blending inheritance
particulate inheritance

Question 2

*****the 1st hypothesis is _____ inheritance this means?

Answer 2

blending
heredity (eye color, height, etc) are mixed up and cannot be seperated
[fruit smoothie - so chunks of fruit are mixed up and cannot be separated]

Question 3

the alternative hypothesis is _____ inheritance this states?

Answer 3

that heredity (eye color, height, etc0 are DISTINCT UNITS/DO NOT BLEND in the offspring so they remain distinct units that can then be seperated back out [fruit salad]

Question 4

________ ________ used the scientific method to study these 2 hypotheses to try to work out what?

Answer 4

gregor mendel
to see which inheritance worked

Question 5

Gregor Mendel choose _____ ____ as his organism because the ______ on this organism has both _____ & _____ parts

Answer 5

garden peas
flower
male and female

Question 6

the female part of the garden pea is called _____ that turns into?
and the _____ is what carries out ____ (this is the male part)

Answer 6

ovulate
peas
stamen
pollen

Question 7

why are garden peas a great model organism?

Answer 7

you can snip off the male organs and choose what pollen will actually pollenate the eggs

Question 8

define character and examples

Answer 8

observable part
seed shape, seed size, seed texture, flower color

Question 9

define trait and examples

Answer 9

form of that character
red or purple flowers (character would be color and trait would be SPECIFIC color)
smooth or wrinkled seed (character would be shape and trait is SPECIFICALLY how the shape is)

Question 10

define phenotype

Answer 10

observable properties of an individual (what we SEE and OBSERVE)

Question 11

phenotypes are a combo of ___ and ____

Answer 11

genetic and enviormental

Question 12

Mendel worked with ____-____ varieties

Answer 12

true breeding

Question 13

what does true breeding mean?

Answer 13

it means if you cross a white flower with a white flower it will have white flower babies or smooth peas + smooth. peas = smooth pea babies

Question 14

Mendel took pollen from one plant and transferred it to another these where called?

Answer 14

p generation (parental generation)

Question 15

the offspring of p generation are called?

Answer 15

F1 generation (first-filial gen)

Question 16

define filial

Answer 16

offspring

Question 17

the ____ plants : _____ _____ and produced ____ (______ ______ generation)

Answer 17

F1 self pollinated
F2. second filial

Question 18

in Mendel’s 1st set of experience he did _____ crosses, give an ex.
This mean F1 generations were?

Answer 18

monohybrid crosses
pea + pea from P generation and only look at ONE specific trait like flower color or pea texture
monohybrid

Question 19

what are monohybrid crosses?

Answer 19

looking only at ONE specific trait

Question 20

F1 generation are _______

Answer 20

monohybrids

Question 21

mendel crossed #__ traits and all gave ____ results

Answer 21

7
similar

Question 22

the trait that occurred in the F1 generation is ____ and the one that disappeared and reappeared in the ___ generation is ____

Answer 22

dominant
F2 recessive

Question 23

in the F2 generation the ratio of dominant - to -recessive trait was always?

Answer 23

3:1

Question 24

Mendel proposed that each ___ has #__ copy of each gene but the resulting ___ has #___ copies because?

Answer 24

gamete 1 copy
zygote 2 copies
it is produced by the fusion of 2 gametes

Question 25

define diploid

Answer 25

having 2 copies of each gene

Question 26

define haploid

Answer 26

1 copy of each gene

Question 27

Mendel's 1st law of inheritance is? Explain

Answer 27

law of segregation during the formation of gamete (egg or sperm) the 2 copies of that gene will separate

Question 28

different traits arise from ____ form of a gene that are called ___

Answer 28

different alleles

Question 29

if an individual has #___ alleles that are the same (RR, rr) they care called ___

Answer 29

2 homozygous

Question 30

homozygous either has #__ copies of recessive or #__ copies of dominant form of the gene

Answer 30

2

Question 31

if an individual has #__ _____ alleles were one is dominant and another recessive (Rr) it is called?

Answer 31

2 different heterozygous

Question 32

DNA molecules make up ....

Answer 32

chromsomes

Question 33

genes a segment of ____ that codes for ____

Answer 33

DNA. proteins

Question 34

_______ ______ ensure we are counting ALL possible combos that's will result of breeding one individual with another individual

Answer 34

Punnett squares

Question 35

round and wrinkled produce ?

Answer 35

phenotypes

Question 36

the ____ alleles are expressed (translated into ______)

Answer 36

dominant proteins

Question 37

_____ alleles are mutated produce a _____-______ protein or?

Answer 37

recessive non functional protein is NOT EXPRESSED

Question 38

********the _____ seed is the recessive phenotype is due to?

Answer 38

wrinkled the absence of an enzyme that produces starch branching that takes up space NOT HAVING THIS ENZYME will not press on the outside so peas are wrinkled

Question 39

for round seeds there are #__ possible allies combos what are they?

Answer 39

2 Rr or RR

Question 40

Mendel figured out what genotype it was by ______ it with a ______ recessive called _____ ____ (weather it was RR or Rr)

Answer 40

crossing homozygous test crosses

Question 41

if a ____ trait shows ip in the F1 gen yk what you have a ______

Answer 41

recessive heterozygote

Question 42

gametes are _____

Answer 42

haploid

Question 43

RRYY order in sequence for punnet squares is?

Answer 43

1;3 , 1;4 , 2;3, 2;4

Question 44

in a dihybrid cross the ratio of phenotypes in F2 generation is? what does it mean?

Answer 44

9:3:3:1 9 display dominant 3 display w dominant trait 3 display w reccessive trait 1 display both recessive

Question 45

Mendel's second law is _____ ______, this is copies of ____ genes now assort ____

Answer 45

independent assortment different independently

Question 46

_____ segregate ______ during gamete formation so any #__ genes that are located on different chromosomes are entirely ___ from one another

Answer 46

chromsomes independelty 2 different

Question 47

human genetics rely on ______ , they basically are _____ ____ that have info about the trait in question (weather the people have the trait or not)

Answer 47

pedigrees family trees

Question 48

pedigrees are often used to determine weather a ____ allele(trait) is dominant or recessive

Answer 48

rare

Question 49

for ___ ____ allele every affected person has a _____ parent and about ___ the offspring of an affected parent are also ____

Answer 49

rare dominat affected half of affected

Question 50

for _____ _____ alleles a carrier mother mates with unaffected male and they have carrier children so ____ people can have #_ parents who are unaffected because? this will happen a ___ of the time

Answer 50

rare recessive affected 2 they transmitt the recessive allele to their offspring quarter

Question 51

you are more likely to share a rare recessive allele with? and it ____ a generation

Answer 51

your relatives skips