6. Methods Of Punishment Flashcards
(52 cards)
What was the treatment of vagabonds like during Tudor times ?
-during second half of 16th century unemployment was a major problem in England and wales and so crime was increased
-to deter vagrancy the punishments tended to be harsh
-an act of 1530-31 made whipping a common punishment of vagrancy
-an act of 1572 added to the whipping and flogging by introducing mutilation- burning through the gristle of the right ear with a hot iron
What’s flogging ?
Punishment by beating
How were the stocks and pillories used ?
-the main purpose was to humiliate offenders in public
How were the stocks used ?
-often only held the feet and so it was a ‘lesser’ corporal punishment
-an act of 1351 required stocks to be set up in villages to punish wrong doers
-the main element was public disgrace and humiliation
-not abolished until 1872
What’s corporal punishment ?
-physical punishment meant to cause pain
How were the pillories used ?
-kept both hands and head in a wooden/ metal frame
-some offenders were savagely treated
-often being pelted by crowds throwing things like rocks or rotten food
-the use of the pillory was abolished in 1837
What was the use of the Ceffyl Pren like in wales ?
-meaning wooden horse
-type of community self policing through a means of public humiliation
-accused person would be carried on a pole/ ladder through the streets for the purpose of public ridicule
-usually took place in dark and men involved often wore female clothes
-continued to be used in parts of wales until the early 19th century
What was public execution like ?
-16th and 17th century was a continuation of the punishment administered throughout medieval period
-crimes punishable by execution included= murder, treason, counterfeiting and arson
-also minor crimes like theft of goods valued over a shilling (5p)
What are some examples of public execution during the 16th and 17th century
-during Tudor period it was mainly punishment for political/ religious crimes
-Rowland Lee- president of the council of wales and the marches had over 5000 people publicly hanged to impose law and order between 1534 and 1543
-heretics were burned at the stake because it was believed they had rebelled against god
-treason was punishable by death usually being hung drawn and quartered
-public executions often attracted large crowds and were viewed as entertainment
What was the reason for transportation from the 1770s to the 1860s ?
-alternative to hanging
-by removing criminals it was believed it would reduce crime in Britain
-imprisonment was very costly
-the belief criminals would benefit from starting fresh with a new life after their sentance was served
-it would help to colonise areas of the empire
What’s transportation ?
-sending convicted criminals overseas for punishment
What were hulks ?
-ships used as prisons
What’s a convict ?
-someone who is in prison because they’re guilty of a crime
What was transportation to North America like ?
-in 1717 the transportation act allowed convicts to choose transportation in North America instead of branding, whipping or hanging
-between 1718 and 1776 over 30,000 British prisoners were transported to North America
-it ended in 1776 due to the outbreak of the American war of independence
What were prison hulks ?
-until a new venue for transportation could be found old warships were used as floating prisons
-many were moored at the mouth of the Thames and Medway rivers
-conditions on board were harsh and outbreak of disease was common
-prisoners left the hulks during the day to do heavy unskilled manual work on land
What was transportation to Australia like ?
-Captain cooks discovery of Australia in 1770 opened up the possibility of a new venue to transport convicts to
-the first fleet of 11 ships carrying 736 convicts did not set sail until 1787
-it arrived at Sydney cove in new south wales on 26th of January 1788
-between 1788 and 1868 an average of 2000 convicts were transported their per year
Welsh transportees to Australia
-between 1787 and 1868 2200 criminals from wales were transported to Australia
-on the first convoy was Frances William from Flintshire. She had been found guilty of breaking into a house and stealing clothing
-she was onboard the female ship that anchored at Sydney cove on 26 January 1788
-Merthyr rising leader Lewis Lewis was transported for life
What were the conditions in Australia like ?
-harsh for many convicts
-those who didn’t conform were sent to harsher settlements like Norfolk Island, working in a chain gang on stone breaking and building roads
-early release was offered as a motive for good behaviour
-a certificate of freedom as granted after the full sentence had been served allowing the person to return to Britain
What was the ending of transportation like ?
-changing attitudes to punishment, the expense of operating the system and resentment for Australia at its use as a dumping ground for criminals resulted in the end of transportation
-1840 transportation to New South Wales was stopped
-in 18532 Tasmania refused to accept anymore convicts
What was community punishment like in wales ?
-scotch cattle between 1820 and 1835
-bands of workers in south east protested against wage cuts, truck system and harsh working conditions
-they held open meetings at night, sent warning letters to blacklegs and attacked properties of their managers
-the movement died about by 1840s
What was a black leg ?
-a person who works despite an ongoing strike
-strike breakers
What’s a bridewell ?
-a house of correction/ prison/ beggars
What’s a debtor ?
-someone who owns money to another person
What’s a jail fever ?
-Typhus
-an infectious disease common in 18th century prisons
